Musaka Beverley, Musekiwa Alfred
School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3443. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20964-1.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes any physical, sexual, or emotional harm experienced in any intimate relationship that results in negative outcomes. Zambia is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of IPV amongst women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to investigate and describe the prevalence, associated risk factors, and geo-spatial distribution of IPV amongst women aged 15-49 years from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS).
This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2018 ZDHS, which used the women's individual dataset to extract a representative sample of 9 503 women from the domestic violence module. Analyses were adjusted using survey weights to account for unequal sampling probabilities. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine the factors associated with IPV. Stata MP version 14 was used to perform all analyses and QGIS software was used to map the geospatial distribution of IPV across provinces.
The overall IPV prevalence amongst women aged 15-49 years in this study was 36.5% (95%CI: 34.9 to 38.2), with Muchinga province having the highest prevalence at 55.2% (95% CI 50.4 to 59.8) and North western with the lowest prevalence at 22.6% (95% CI 19.9 to 25.6). In the adjusted analyses, women who justified wife beating were at a higher odds of experiencing IPV compared to those who did not (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.25; p < 0.001). Women with husbands or partners who consume alcohol were at higher odds of experiencing IPV (aOR = 3.81; 95% CI: 3.21 to 4.53; p < 0.001). The study also found that women who reported witnessing parental violence from their father to mother had increased odds of experiencing IPV (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.12; p < 0.001).
This study has shown that women who witnessed parental violence from father to mother, justified wife beating, or had partners who consumed alcohol, had increased odds of experiencing IPV in Zambia. There is need to tailor interventions that address the cessation of alcohol consumption, and the promotion of awareness and education on IPV and its associated harms, especially in hot spot provinces.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）包括在任何亲密关系中经历的导致负面结果的身体、性或情感伤害。赞比亚是撒哈拉以南非洲地区女性亲密伴侣暴力发生率最高的国家之一。本研究旨在调查和描述2018年赞比亚人口与健康调查（ZDHS）中15至49岁女性亲密伴侣暴力的发生率、相关危险因素及地理空间分布情况。
本研究是对2018年ZDHS的二次数据分析，利用女性个体数据集从家庭暴力模块中提取了9503名女性的代表性样本。分析使用调查权重进行调整，以考虑不平等的抽样概率。应用双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来确定与亲密伴侣暴力相关的因素。使用Stata MP 14版进行所有分析，并使用QGIS软件绘制亲密伴侣暴力在各省的地理空间分布地图。
本研究中15至49岁女性亲密伴侣暴力的总体发生率为36.5%（95%置信区间：34.9至38.2），穆钦加省发生率最高，为55.2%（95%置信区间50.4至59.8），西北省发生率最低，为22.6%（95%置信区间19.9至25.6）。在调整分析中，认为妻子挨打合理的女性比不这样认为的女性遭受亲密伴侣暴力的几率更高（调整后比值比[aOR]=1.75；95%置信区间：1.37至2.25；p<0.001）。丈夫或伴侣饮酒的女性遭受亲密伴侣暴力的几率更高（aOR=3.81；95%置信区间：3.21至4.53；p<0.001）。研究还发现，报告目睹父亲对母亲实施暴力的女性遭受亲密伴侣暴力的几率增加（aOR=1.75，95%置信区间：1.45至2.12；p<0.001）。
本研究表明，在赞比亚，目睹父亲对母亲实施暴力、认为妻子挨打合理或伴侣饮酒的女性遭受亲密伴侣暴力的几率增加。有必要针对性地开展干预措施，解决饮酒问题，提高对亲密伴侣暴力及其相关危害的认识和教育，特别是在热点省份。
