Supporting the continuous development and use of a patient partnership framework in European rare disease networks (ERNs): a scoping review of frameworks in the scientific literature.

The European Reference Networks (ERNs) for rare and complex diseases offer significant potential for building, maintaining and evaluating patient partnership, for which the recently developed ERN Patient Partnership Framework may serve as guidance. This scoping review aims to identify and describe relevant frameworks published in scientific literature, capturing key learning points to inform future updates of the ERN Patient Partnership Framework and promote its use in practice. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Web of Science Core Collection were searched to identify recently published frameworks (2013-2023) focused on patient partnership and aligned with at least one core ERN activity. Framework characteristics were summarised and information pertaining to their content, structure and practical use was extracted. Twelve relevant frameworks were identified, presenting practical approaches, conceptual understandings or both. Five frameworks focused on areas aligned with specific core ERN activities; others had an overarching scope. Frameworks presented various engagement approaches and employed heterogeneous terminology and development methods. Frameworks differed in their content and structure and presented key considerations for use. Our review underscores the importance of providing clear definitions and explanations of patient partnership. It provides insight into how meaningful, and inclusive patient partnership can be promoted within our diverse ERN context and sheds light on the importance of framework implementation as a prerequisite to structured evaluation. Learning points generated from this review will be used to inform future updates of the ERN Patient Partnership Framework and promote its implementation in practice.