Mohsin Sura Saad, Salman Omar H, Jasim Abdulrahman Ahmed, Al-Nouman Mohammed A, Kairaldeen Ammar Riadh
Computer Department, Faculty of Engineering, AL Iraqia University Baghdad, Iraq.
Network Department, Faculty of Engineering, AL Iraqia University Baghdad, Iraq.
Artif Intell Med. 2025 Feb;160:103057. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.103057. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
The term 'remote diagnosis' in telemedicine describes the procedure wherein medical practitioners diagnose patients remotely by using telecommunications technology. With this method, patients can obtain medical care without having to physically visit a hospital, which can be helpful for people who live in distant places or have restricted mobility. When people in the past had health issues, they were usually sent to the hospital, where they received clinical examinations, diagnoses, and treatment at the facility. Thus, hospitals were overcrowded because of the increase in the number of patients or in the death of some very ill patients given that the completion of medical operations required a significant amount of time.
This research aims to provide a literature review study and an in-depth analysis to (1) investigate the procedure and roles of remote diagnosis in telemedicine; (2) review the technical tools and technologies used in remote diagnosis; (3) review the diseases diagnosed remotely in telemedicine; (4) compose a crossover taxonomy among diseases, technologies, and telemedicine; (5) present lists of input variables, vital signs, data and output decisions already applied in remote diagnosis; (6) Summarize the performance assessment measures utilized to assess and validate remote diagnosis models; and (7) identify and categorize open research issues while providing recommendations for future advancements in intelligent remote diagnosis within telemedicine systems.
A systematic search was conducted using online libraries for articles published from 1 January 2016 to 13 September 2023 in IEEE, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science. Notably, searches were limited to articles in the English language. The papers examine remote diagnosis in telemedicine, the technologies employed for this function, and the ramifications of diagnosing patients outside hospital settings. Each selected study was synthesized to furnish proof about the implementation of remote diagnostics in telemedicine.
A new crossover taxonomy between the most important diagnosed diseases and technologies used for this purpose and their relationship with telemedicine tiers is proposed. The functions executed at each tier are elucidated. Additionally, a compilation of diagnostic technologies is provided. Additionally, open research difficulties, advantages of remote diagnosis in telemedicine, and suggestions for future research prospects that require attention are systematically organized and presented.
This study reviews the role of remote diagnosis in telemedicine, with a focus on key technologies and current approaches. This study highlights research challenges, provides recommendations for future directions, and addresses research gaps and limitations to provide a clear vision of remote diagnosis in telemedicine. This study emphasizes the advantages of existing research and opens the possibility for new directions and smart healthcare solutions.
远程医疗中的“远程诊断”一词描述了医疗从业者利用电信技术对患者进行远程诊断的过程。通过这种方法，患者无需亲自前往医院就能获得医疗护理，这对居住在偏远地区或行动不便的人很有帮助。过去，人们出现健康问题时，通常会被送往医院，在医院接受临床检查、诊断和治疗。因此，由于患者数量增加，或者一些重症患者因医疗操作需要大量时间而死亡，医院人满为患。
本研究旨在进行文献综述和深入分析，以（1）调查远程诊断在远程医疗中的程序和作用；（2）回顾远程诊断中使用的技术工具和技术；（3）回顾远程医疗中远程诊断的疾病；（4）构建疾病、技术和远程医疗之间的交叉分类法；（5）列出远程诊断中已应用的输入变量、生命体征、数据和输出决策清单；（6）总结用于评估和验证远程诊断模型的性能评估措施；（7）识别并分类开放研究问题，同时为远程医疗系统中智能远程诊断的未来发展提供建议。
利用在线图书馆对2016年1月1日至2023年9月13日在IEEE、PubMed、Science Direct、Springer和Web of Science上发表的文章进行系统检索。值得注意的是，检索仅限于英文文章。这些论文研究了远程医疗中的远程诊断、用于此功能的技术以及在医院外诊断患者的影响。对每项选定的研究进行综合，以提供远程诊断在远程医疗中实施的证据。
提出了一种新的交叉分类法，用于最重要的诊断疾病和用于此目的的技术之间，以及它们与远程医疗层级的关系。阐明了在每个层级执行的功能。此外，还提供了诊断技术的汇编。此外，还系统地组织并呈现了开放研究难题、远程诊断在远程医疗中的优势以及需要关注的未来研究前景建议。
本研究回顾了远程诊断在远程医疗中的作用，重点关注关键技术和当前方法。本研究突出了研究挑战，为未来方向提供了建议，并解决了研究差距和局限性，以清晰呈现远程医疗中的远程诊断。本研究强调了现有研究的优势，并为新方向和智能医疗解决方案开辟了可能性。
