Zhao Yang, Zhang Yike, Wang Fei
Sports Science Institute, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
Metabolites. 2024 Dec 15;14(12):707. doi: 10.3390/metabo14120707.
: Investigating the importance and potential causal effects of serum lipid biomarkers in the management of hypertension is vital, as these factors positively impact the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD). : We surveyed 3373 urban residents using longitudinal data from the CHARLS database, collected between 2015 and 2020. Pearson correlation methods were employed to explore the relationships among the numerical variables. A logistic regression model was utilized to identify the risk factors for hypertension. The dose-effect relationship between serum lipids and BP was assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, piecewise structural equation modeling (PiecewiseSEM) was conducted to further elucidate the direct and indirect pathways involving individual body indices, serum lipids, and PA on BP responses at different levels of physical activity (PA). : The four serum lipids showed significant differences between hypertensive and non-hypertensive residents ( < 0.05). All lipids, except for HDL cholesterol, demonstrated extremely significant positive correlations with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ( < 0.001). All serum lipid variables were significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension. Specifically, triglycerides (bl_tg), HDL (bl_hdl), and low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol were identified as significant risk factors, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.33-1.85, < 0.001), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.33, < 0.05), and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.23-2.15, < 0.001), respectively. Conversely, cholesterol (bl_cho) was a protective factor for hypertension, with an OR of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.42-0.82, < 0.01). PA showed weak relationships with blood pressure (BP); however, PA levels had significant effects, particularly at low PA levels. The four serum lipids had the most mediating effect on BP, especially under low PA level conditions, while PA exhibited a partly weak mediating effect on BP, particularly under high PA level conditions. : Serum lipids have significant nonlinear relationships with BP and PA levels exert different influences on BP. The significant mediating effects of serum lipids and the weak mediating effects of PA on individual body indices related to SBP and DBP demonstrate significant differences across varying levels of PA, highlighting the importance of low PA levels in hypertension management. This study could provide valuable recommendations and guidance in these areas.
研究血清脂质生物标志物在高血压管理中的重要性及其潜在因果效应至关重要，因为这些因素对心血管疾病（CVD）的预防和控制具有积极影响。我们使用中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据库2015年至2020年期间收集的纵向数据，对3373名城市居民进行了调查。采用Pearson相关方法探讨数值变量之间的关系。利用逻辑回归模型确定高血压的危险因素。使用受限立方样条（RCS）评估血清脂质与血压之间的剂量效应关系。此外，进行了分段结构方程建模（PiecewiseSEM），以进一步阐明在不同身体活动（PA）水平下，个体身体指标、血清脂质和PA对血压反应的直接和间接途径。四种血清脂质在高血压居民和非高血压居民之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇外，所有脂质与收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）均呈极显著正相关（P<0.001）。所有血清脂质变量均与高血压发病率显著相关。具体而言，甘油三酯（bl_tg）、高密度脂蛋白（bl_hdl）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇被确定为显著危险因素，比值比（OR）分别为1.56（95%CI：1.33 - 1.85，P<0.001）、1.16（95%CI：1.02 - 1.33，P<0.05）和1.62（95%CI：1.23 - 2.15，P<0.001）。相反，胆固醇（bl_cho）是高血压的保护因素，OR为0.60（95%CI：0.42 - 0.82，P<0.01）。PA与血压（BP）的关系较弱；然而，PA水平有显著影响，尤其是在低PA水平时。四种血清脂质对BP的中介作用最大，尤其是在低PA水平条件下，而PA对BP的中介作用部分较弱，尤其是在高PA水平条件下。血清脂质与BP存在显著的非线性关系，PA水平对BP有不同影响。血清脂质的显著中介作用以及PA对与SBP和DBP相关的个体身体指标的弱中介作用在不同PA水平上表现出显著差异，突出了低PA水平在高血压管理中的重要性。本研究可以在这些领域提供有价值的建议和指导。
