Chromosome-level genome assembly of the tetraploid medicinal and natural dye plant Persicaria tinctoria.

Persicaria tinctoria (2n = 40) is an important traditional medicinal plant and natural dye source within the genus Persicaria. P. tinctoria has been utilized for its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and tumor treatment properties. Additionally, it has served as a natural blue dye for thousands of years worldwide, and continues to be used in countries such as China and Japan. Here, we assembled a tetraploid chromosome-scale genome of P. tinctoria, organized into two subgenomes: subgenome A, which contains 10 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 888.67 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 90.56 Mb, and subgenome B, which also comprises 10 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 771.58 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 76.84 Mb. Repeat sequences constitute 77.9% of the genome. A total of 76,742 high-confidence protein-coding genes were annotated, with 94.28% of these genes assigned functional annotations. This high-quality genome assembly of P. tinctoria will provide valuable genomic resources for studying the biosynthesis and evolution of indigoids in indigo plants, as well as for further research on the Polygonaceae family.