Zhang Lei, Wang Dandan, Wu Xueping
School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
Department of Physical Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Dec 27;24(1):841. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05333-6.
Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically exhibit low levels of physical activity (PA) and delayed motor skills. Understanding the motor skill factors that influence PA participation in this population is essential for designing effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fundamental motor skills (FMS) and objectively measured PA among orphan children with severe ID residing in welfare institutions.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 2019 and October 2020. A total of 267 children (180 boys and 87 girls) with severe ID, with a mean age of 10.51 years, from 12 cities' welfare institutions in China were included. FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2). PA was objectively measured by an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer. Multiple linear regression to examine associations between two FMS components (object control skills and locomotor skills) and PA (weekday and weekend day PA), separately.
Children with severe ID living in welfare institutions displayed relatively low weekly PA, with mean moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA, ≥ 2800 counts/min) of 33.29 (range: 16.43-59.86) minutes. Pearson correlation indicated that light PA (100-2,799 counts/min), MVPA, and total PA showed moderate but positive correlations with both locomotor skills (range: r = 0.359-0.433) and object control skills (range: r = 0.381-0.449). Regression analysis indicated that object control skills explained more of the total variance than locomotor skills for weekly light PA (β = 0.287 vs. β = 0.243, p < 0.05) and MVPA (β = 0.331 vs. β = 0.0292, p < 0.05).
FMS may predict participation in regular PA among children with severe ID, with object control skills more predictive than locomotor skills. Developing FMS in children with severe ID may be an important strategy for improving their PA levels.
智障儿童通常身体活动水平较低，运动技能发展滞后。了解影响该群体参与身体活动的运动技能因素对于设计有效的干预措施至关重要。本研究旨在探讨福利院中重度智障孤儿的基本运动技能（FMS）与客观测量的身体活动之间的关联。
于2019年1月至2020年10月开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。纳入了来自中国12个城市福利院的267名重度智障儿童（180名男孩和87名女孩），平均年龄为10.51岁。使用《粗大运动发展测试第二版》（TGMD-2）评估FMS。通过ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计客观测量身体活动。分别采用多元线性回归分析两个FMS组成部分（物体控制技能和运动技能）与身体活动（工作日和周末身体活动）之间的关联。
生活在福利院的重度智障儿童每周身体活动水平相对较低，中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA，≥2800次/分钟）的平均时长为33.29分钟（范围：16.43 - 59.86分钟）。Pearson相关性分析表明，轻度身体活动（100 - 2799次/分钟）、MVPA和总身体活动与运动技能（范围：r = 0.359 - 0.433）和物体控制技能（范围：r = 0.381 - 0.449）均呈中度但为正相关。回归分析表明，对于每周轻度身体活动（β = 0.287 vs. β = 0.243，p < 0.05）和MVPA（β = 0.331 vs. β = 0.0292，p < 0.05），物体控制技能比运动技能解释的总方差更多。
FMS可能预测重度智障儿童参与规律身体活动的情况，其中物体控制技能的预测性高于运动技能。培养重度智障儿童的FMS可能是提高其身体活动水平的重要策略。
