Goto Ryosuke, Larson Susan, Shitara Tetsuya, Hashiguchi Yu, Nakano Yoshihiko
Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma Paz University, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan.
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8081, US.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31134. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82479-4.
Recent evidence indicates that human ancestors utilized a combination of quadrupedal walking, climbing, and bipedal walking. Therefore, the origin of bipedalism may be linked to underlying mechanisms supporting diverse locomotor modes. This study aimed to elucidate foundations of varied locomotor modes from the perspective of motor control by identifying muscle synergies and demonstrating similarities in synergy compositions across different locomotor modes in chimpanzees and Japanese macaques. Four muscle synergies were extracted for bipedal and quadrupedal walking in both the chimpanzees and macaques, as well as for vertical climbing in the chimpanzees. Bipedal walking synergies were generally analogous to those observed in quadrupedal walking and vertical climbing. Specifically, the bipedal walking synergies during the stance and swing phase in the chimpanzees were substitutable with those of vertical climbing and quadrupedal walking, respectively. For the macaque, not all bipedal walking synergies exhibited similarities to quadrupedal walking synergies, likely due to instability during the single support phase of bipedalism. These findings suggest that synergies from vertical climbing and quadrupedal walking might be transferred to bipedal walking, as seen in the chimpanzees, and that this sharing of synergies might form a foundation for a diverse range of locomotor capacities including bipedal walking.
最近的证据表明，人类祖先采用了四足行走、攀爬和双足行走相结合的方式。因此，双足行走的起源可能与支持多种运动模式的潜在机制有关。本研究旨在通过识别肌肉协同作用并证明黑猩猩和日本猕猴在不同运动模式下协同作用组成的相似性，从运动控制的角度阐明不同运动模式的基础。在黑猩猩和猕猴的双足和四足行走以及黑猩猩的垂直攀爬过程中提取了四种肌肉协同作用。双足行走的协同作用通常与四足行走和垂直攀爬中观察到的协同作用相似。具体而言，黑猩猩在站立和摆动阶段的双足行走协同作用分别可被垂直攀爬和四足行走的协同作用替代。对于猕猴来说，并非所有双足行走的协同作用都与四足行走的协同作用相似，这可能是由于双足行走单支撑阶段的不稳定性所致。这些发现表明垂直攀爬和四足行走的协同作用可能会转移到双足行走中，就像在黑猩猩身上看到的那样，并且这种协同作用的共享可能为包括双足行走在内的多种运动能力奠定基础。
