Yassin Marwa A, George Nelly, Shabaan Lamis, Gouda Yousra
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Dec 30;24(1):1274. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05871-2.
Zea mays L. (Maize) is one of the most crucial world's crops, for their nutritional values, however, the water scarcity and consequent soil salinization are the major challenges that limit the growth and productivity of this plant, particularly in the semi-arid regions in Egypt. Recently, biopriming has been recognized as one of the most efficient natural-ecofriendly approaches to mitigate the abiotic salt stress on plants. The haploid (128) and triploid (368) seeds of maize were selected as model verities for assessing their resistance to salt stress and mitigating their effect by fungal-biopriming. Overall, the haploid and triploid plants viabilities were drastically affected by salt concentration, at 500 mM of NaCl. At 500 mM NaCl, the fresh weights of the triploid and haploid seedlings were reduced by ~ 5 and 6.1 folds, compared to the controls, ensuring slightly higher salt resistance of the triploid than haploid ones. The pattern of the endophytic fugal isolates was plausibly changed with the salt concentration for both plant types, Aspergillus fumigatus isolate was emerged with the higher NaCl concentration (400-500 mM), and their morphological identity was molecularly confirmed and deposited into Genbank with accession # PQ200673. The fungal bioprimed seeds of the haploid and triploid plants were irrigated with 400 mM NaCl. The fungal-bioprimed plants displayed a significant improvement on the shoot density, fibrous roots, root length, shoot length, and leaves numbers and areas of the stressed-plants by ~ 1.7 folds, compared to control, ensures the triggering of different salt resistance machineries in plants upon fungal biopriming. The total antioxidant enzymes activities "catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase" of the salt-stressed bioprimed maize plants were increased by ~ 4.7-5.3%, compared to control, confirming the mitigating effect of the salinity stress on plants upon fungal biopriming. The chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were significantly increased of the salt stressed maize upon biopriming with A. fumigatus. The expression of the sod, apx2, nhx11, hkt1, H + -PPase, nced of the plant salt stressed was strongly increased in response to A. fumigatus biopriming, normalized to β-actin gene. The expression of apx2 was dramatically increased by about 30 and 43 folds, in response to fungal biopriming. The nhx1 was significantly up-regulated by 18.9 fold in response to fungal biopriming, compared to control.
玉米（Zea mays L.）是世界上最重要的作物之一，因其营养价值高，然而，水资源短缺以及随之而来的土壤盐渍化是限制这种植物生长和生产力的主要挑战，特别是在埃及的半干旱地区。最近，生物引发已被认为是减轻植物非生物盐胁迫的最有效的自然生态友好方法之一。选择玉米的单倍体（128）和三倍体（368）种子作为模型品种，以评估它们对盐胁迫的抗性，并通过真菌生物引发减轻其影响。总体而言，单倍体和三倍体植物的活力受到盐浓度的极大影响，在500 mM NaCl时。在500 mM NaCl下，与对照相比，三倍体和单倍体幼苗的鲜重分别降低了约5倍和6.1倍，这表明三倍体的耐盐性略高于单倍体。两种植物类型的内生真菌分离物模式可能随盐浓度而变化，烟曲霉分离物在较高的NaCl浓度（400 - 500 mM）下出现，其形态特征经分子确认并保藏于Genbank，登录号为# PQ200673。用400 mM NaCl灌溉单倍体和三倍体植物的真菌生物引发种子。与对照相比，真菌生物引发的植物在茎密度、须根、根长、茎长以及胁迫植物的叶片数量和面积方面有显著改善，提高了约1.7倍，这确保了真菌生物引发后植物中不同耐盐机制的触发。与对照相比，盐胁迫的生物引发玉米植物的总抗氧化酶活性“过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶”增加了约4.7 - 5.3%，证实了真菌生物引发对植物盐胁迫的缓解作用。用烟曲霉进行生物引发后，盐胁迫玉米的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著增加。归一化到β - 肌动蛋白基因，植物盐胁迫下sod、apx2、nhx11、hkt1、H⁺ - PPase、nced的表达在烟曲霉生物引发后强烈增加。响应真菌生物引发，apx2的表达显著增加了约30倍和43倍。与对照相比，响应真菌生物引发，nhx1显著上调了18.9倍。
