Selva Clara
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Estudis de Psicologia i Ciències de l'Educació - EPCE), Barcelona, Spain.
Front Reprod Health. 2024 Dec 16;6:1483267. doi: 10.3389/frph.2024.1483267. eCollection 2024.
In Spain, legislation protecting women during the menopausal transition and postmenopause is still in its early stages. For public policies to be effective, it is essential that their design, implementation, and evaluation actively involve women going through this stage. Only from their experience and perspective can the impact of measures be maximized and ensure that they truly respond to their needs and realities. The goal of this article is to identify and analyze proposals for action that public organizations in Spain could undertake to improve the management of and transition through menopause. On the basis of the initiatives identified through women's narratives, this study aims to establish a solid basis for the inclusion of future governmental policies and practices in Spain. Adapting to the economic conditions and sociocultural aspects specific to each region can stimulate reflection and debate on their policies regarding menopause.
This qualitative study, which was conducted in Spain, was based on 20 semistructured interviews with women who had experienced physiological and symptomatic menopause in the last five years, were postmenopausal, and were actively employed. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following an inductive thematic analysis.
The stories of the interviewees indicate three categories of government action comprising a set of specific measures. More specifically, the categories relate to: (a) proposals for accompaniment and social awareness, (b) educational and training proposals, and (c) political and regulatory proposals.
This study identifies governmental proposals and specific actions to improve support for the menopausal transition and postmenopause in Spain. While its findings may be applicable to other countries, further research is needed to explore how they could be adapted to the different socioeconomic and cultural realities of those contexts. Ultimately, the proposals presented lay the groundwork for developing public policies and laws that respond to the needs of women, improving their well-being and promoting gender equity in public health.
在西班牙，保护处于绝经过渡期及绝经后期女性的立法仍处于初期阶段。要使公共政策有效，其设计、实施和评估必须积极让处于这一阶段的女性参与其中。只有从她们的经历和视角出发，才能使措施的影响最大化，并确保这些措施真正满足她们的需求和实际情况。本文的目的是识别和分析西班牙公共组织为改善绝经管理及过渡期可采取的行动建议。基于通过女性叙述所确定的举措，本研究旨在为西班牙未来政府政策和实践的纳入奠定坚实基础。适应每个地区特定的经济状况和社会文化因素能够激发对其绝经政策的思考和辩论。
这项在西班牙进行的定性研究基于对20名女性的半结构化访谈，这些女性在过去五年中经历了生理性和有症状的绝经，已绝经且仍在积极工作。访谈进行了录音、转录，并采用归纳主题分析法进行分析。
受访者的故事表明政府行动可分为三类，包括一系列具体措施。更具体地说，这些类别涉及：（a）陪伴和社会意识方面的建议，（b）教育和培训方面的建议，以及（c）政治和监管方面的建议。
本研究确定了西班牙政府为改善对绝经过渡期及绝经后期的支持而提出的建议和具体行动。虽然其研究结果可能适用于其他国家，但需要进一步研究以探索如何使其适应那些不同的社会经济和文化现实。最终，所提出的建议为制定响应女性需求、改善其福祉并促进公共卫生领域性别平等的公共政策和法律奠定了基础。
