Sandoval Stephanie Elizabeth, Haslam Catherine G, Vishnugopi Bairav S, Liao Daniel W, Yoon Jeong Seop, Park Se Hwan, Wang Yixian, Mitlin David, Hatzell Kelsey B, Siegel Donald J, Mukherjee Partha P, Dasgupta Neil P, Sakamoto Jeff, McDowell Matthew T
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nat Mater. 2025 May;24(5):673-681. doi: 10.1038/s41563-024-02055-z. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Anode-free solid-state batteries contain no active material at the negative electrode in the as-manufactured state, yielding high energy densities for use in long-range electric vehicles. The mechanisms governing charge-discharge cycling of anode-free batteries are largely controlled by electro-chemo-mechanical phenomena at solid-solid interfaces, and there are important mechanistic differences when compared with conventional lithium-excess batteries. This Perspective provides an overview of the factors governing lithium nucleation, growth, stripping and cycling in anode-free solid-state batteries, including mechanical deformation of lithium, the chemical and mechanical properties of the current collector, microstructural effects, and stripping dynamics. Pathways for engineering interfaces to maximize performance and extend battery lifetime are discussed. We end with critical research questions to pursue, including understanding behaviour at low stack pressure, tailoring interphase growth, and engineering current collectors and interlayers.
无阳极固态电池在制造状态下负极不含活性材料，可为长续航电动汽车提供高能量密度。无阳极电池充放电循环的机制很大程度上受固-固界面处的电化学机械现象控制，与传统的富锂电池相比存在重要的机理差异。本综述概述了无阳极固态电池中锂成核、生长、脱嵌和循环的影响因素，包括锂的机械变形、集流体的化学和机械性能、微观结构效应以及脱嵌动力学。讨论了通过工程化界面来最大化性能和延长电池寿命的途径。最后我们提出了关键的研究问题，包括了解低堆叠压力下的行为、定制界面相生长以及设计集流体和中间层。
