Agustina Tanti, Chasani Abdul Razaq, Daryono Budi Setiadi, Rifqi Muhammad Said
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Street, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Laboratory Genetics and Breeding, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Street, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2024 Dec 28;2024:5568104. doi: 10.1155/sci5/5568104. eCollection 2024.
Sangihe nutmeg is an important crop because of its usefulness in the pharmacology, spices and cosmetics industries. Sangihe is the oldest active subduction zone island in the Indonesia-Philippines region, where frequent tectonic earthquakes and the geographic and reproductive isolation of Sangihe nutmeg occur. This isolation results in adaptation and speciation because of increasing variability. Using morphological and molecular approaches, we aimed to assess the genetic variety of Sangihe nutmeg based on morphological and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. In total, 31 morphological characteristics were examined, and molecular data of ISSR markers using five primers were analysed based on numerical taxonomy using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Results showed five major groups of Sangihe nutmeg based on seed variation, that is, thick round, thin round, thick oval, thin oval, and twin seeds, whereas the presence of variation in molecular characters was indicated by DNA polymorphisms between 0% and 33.33%. The phenetic relationships within Sangihe nutmeg, based on morphological and ISSR markers, exhibit two groups with different member compositions. The major morphological characteristics influencing the phenetic relationship pattern were tree shape, leaf shape, fruit shape, number of fractions when ripe, fruit size index, number of fruit indentations, indentation, aryl density, seed shell, and number of seeds.
桑义赫肉豆蔻是一种重要的作物，因为它在药理学、香料和化妆品行业都有用途。桑义赫是印度尼西亚 - 菲律宾地区最古老的活跃俯冲带岛屿，频繁发生构造地震，且桑义赫肉豆蔻存在地理和生殖隔离。这种隔离由于变异性增加导致了适应性和物种形成。我们使用形态学和分子方法，旨在基于形态学和简单重复序列区间（ISSR）标记评估桑义赫肉豆蔻的遗传多样性。总共检查了31个形态特征，并使用五个引物对ISSR标记的分子数据进行分析，采用算术平均的非加权配对组法（UPGMA）和主成分分析（PCA）方法进行数值分类。结果表明，基于种子变异，桑义赫肉豆蔻可分为五大类，即厚圆形、薄圆形、厚椭圆形、薄椭圆形和双种子，而分子特征的变异表现为DNA多态性在0%至33.33%之间。基于形态学和ISSR标记，桑义赫肉豆蔻内部的表型关系呈现出两组具有不同成员组成的类别。影响表型关系模式的主要形态特征有树形、叶形、果实形状、成熟时的裂片数、果实大小指数、果实凹痕数、凹痕、芳基密度、种壳和种子数。
