Abourashed Ehab A, El-Alfy Abir T
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628.
Phytochem Rev. 2016 Dec;15(6):1035-1056. doi: 10.1007/s11101-016-9469-x. Epub 2016 May 10.
Nutmeg is a valued kitchen spice that has been used for centuries all over the world. In addition to its use in flavoring foods and beverages, nutmeg has been used in traditional remedies for stomach and kidney disorders. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and central nervous system effects of nutmeg have also been reported in literature. Nutmeg is a rich source of fixed and essential oil, triterpenes, and various types of phenolic compounds. Many of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg exhibit biological activities that may support its use in traditional medicine. This article provides an overview of the chemistry of secondary metabolites isolated from nutmeg kernel and mace including common methods for analysis of extracts and pure compounds as well as recent approaches towards total synthesis of some of the major constituents. A summary of the most significant pharmacological investigations of potential drug leads isolated from nutmeg and reported in the last decade is also included.
肉豆蔻是一种珍贵的厨房香料，在世界各地已被使用了数百年。除了用于给食物和饮料调味外，肉豆蔻还被用于治疗胃部和肾脏疾病的传统疗法中。肉豆蔻的抗氧化、抗菌和对中枢神经系统的作用也在文献中有所报道。肉豆蔻富含固定油和香精油、三萜类化合物以及各种酚类化合物。肉豆蔻的许多次生代谢产物都具有生物活性，这可能支持其在传统医学中的应用。本文概述了从肉豆蔻仁及肉豆蔻衣中分离出的次生代谢产物的化学性质，包括提取物和纯化合物的常见分析方法，以及一些主要成分的全合成最新方法。还包括了过去十年中报道的从肉豆蔻中分离出的潜在药物先导物的最重要药理学研究总结。
