D'Amico Giuseppa, Carista Adelaide, Manna Olga Maria, Paladino Letizia, Picone Domiziana, Sarullo Silvia, Sausa Martina, Cappello Francesco, Vitale Alessandra Maria, Caruso Bavisotto Celeste
Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Via Michele Miraglia 20, 90139 Palermo, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Dec 16;13(12):1056. doi: 10.3390/biology13121056.
Bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs and tissue has been widely documented in physiological and pathological conditions. This communication relies on the bilateral transmission of signaling molecules and substances that circulate throughout the body and reach their target site(s) via the blood and other biological fluids (e.g., the cerebrospinal fluid, the lymph). One of the mechanisms by which these molecular messengers are exchanged is through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are known to mediate cell-to-cell communication by delivering biological molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and various other bioactive regulators. Moreover, EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enabling direct communication between the periphery and the brain. In particular, the delivery of microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate the expression profiles of recipient cells, thereby influencing their functions. This review synthesizes current findings about the brain-periphery cross-talk mediated by EVs-delivered miRNAs. Although this mechanism has been definitively shown in a few cases, much evidence indirectly indicates that it could mediate brain-peripherical organs/tissue communication, especially in pathological conditions. Therefore, understanding this process could provide valuable insights for the treatment and management of neurological and systemic diseases.
中枢神经系统（CNS）与外周器官和组织之间的双向通信在生理和病理条件下已得到广泛记载。这种通信依赖于信号分子和物质的双向传输，这些分子和物质在全身循环，并通过血液和其他生物流体（如脑脊液、淋巴液）到达其靶位点。这些分子信使进行交换的机制之一是通过细胞外囊泡（EVs）的分泌。已知EVs通过传递生物分子（包括核酸、蛋白质、脂质和各种其他生物活性调节剂）来介导细胞间通信。此外，EVs可以穿过血脑屏障（BBB），实现外周与大脑之间的直接通信。特别是，微小RNA（miRNA）的传递可以调节受体细胞的表达谱，从而影响其功能。本综述综合了目前关于由EVs传递的miRNA介导的脑-外周相互作用的研究结果。尽管这一机制在少数情况下已得到明确证实，但许多证据间接表明它可能介导脑-外周器官/组织的通信，尤其是在病理条件下。因此，了解这一过程可为神经和全身性疾病的治疗和管理提供有价值的见解。
