Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2023 Aug;43(6):2675-2696. doi: 10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
A number of substances released by the brain under physiological and pathological conditions exert effects on other organs. In turn, substances produced primarily by organs such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, or the heart may have an impact on the metabolism and function and metabolism of the healthy and diseased brain. Despite a mounting amount of evidence supports such bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs, research on the function of molecular mediators carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is in the early stages. In addition to being able to target or reach practically any organ, EVs have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to transport a range of substances (lipids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) to recipient cells, exerting biological effects. Here, we review the function of EVs in bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs. In a small number of cases, the role has been explicitly proven; yet, in most cases, it relies on indirect evidence from EVs in cell culture or animal models. There is a dearth of research currently available on the function of EVs-carrying mediators in the bidirectional communication between the brain and bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, heart, lungs, and gut. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine how EVs facilitate communication between the brain and other organs.
在生理和病理条件下，大脑释放的许多物质对其他器官发挥作用。反过来，主要由骨髓、脂肪组织或心脏等器官产生的物质可能对健康和患病大脑的代谢和功能产生影响。尽管越来越多的证据支持大脑和其他器官之间的这种双向通讯，但关于细胞外囊泡（EVs）携带的分子介质的功能的研究仍处于早期阶段。除了能够靶向或到达几乎任何器官外，EV 还能够穿过血脑屏障，将一系列物质（脂质、肽、蛋白质和核酸）运输到靶细胞，从而发挥生物学作用。在这里，我们回顾了 EV 在大脑和其他器官之间双向通讯中的作用。在少数情况下，其作用已经得到明确证明；然而，在大多数情况下，这依赖于细胞培养或动物模型中 EV 的间接证据。目前，关于 EV 携带的介质在大脑和骨髓、脂肪组织、肝脏、心脏、肺和肠道之间双向通讯中的作用的研究还很少。因此，需要更多的研究来确定 EV 如何促进大脑和其他器官之间的通讯。
