da C Pinaffi-Langley Ana Clara, Tarantini Stefano, Hord Norman G, Yabluchanskiy Andriy
Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Dec 18;13(12):1552. doi: 10.3390/antiox13121552.
Polyphenols, plant-derived secondary metabolites, play crucial roles in plant stress responses, growth regulation, and environmental interactions. In humans, polyphenols are associated with various health benefits, particularly in cardiometabolic health. Despite growing evidence of polyphenols' health-promoting effects, their mechanisms remain poorly understood due to high interindividual variability in bioavailability and metabolism. Recent research highlights the bidirectional relationship between dietary polyphenols and the gut microbiota, which can influence polyphenol metabolism and, conversely, be modulated by polyphenol intake. In this concise review, we summarized recent advances in this area, with a special focus on isoflavones and ellagitannins and their corresponding metabotypes, and their effect on cardiovascular health. Human observational studies published in the past 10 years provide evidence for a consistent association of isoflavones and ellagitannins and their metabotypes with better cardiovascular risk factors. However, interventional studies with dietary polyphenols or isolated microbial metabolites indicate that the polyphenol-gut microbiota interrelationship is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Finally, we highlighted various pending research questions that will help identify effective targets for intervention with precision nutrition, thus maximizing individual responses to dietary and lifestyle interventions and improving human health.
多酚是植物衍生的次生代谢产物，在植物应激反应、生长调节和环境相互作用中发挥着关键作用。在人类中，多酚与多种健康益处相关，尤其是对心脏代谢健康有益。尽管越来越多的证据表明多酚具有促进健康的作用，但由于其生物利用度和代谢存在高度个体差异，其作用机制仍知之甚少。最近的研究强调了膳食多酚与肠道微生物群之间的双向关系，这会影响多酚代谢，反之，也会受到多酚摄入量的调节。在这篇简要综述中，我们总结了该领域的最新进展，特别关注异黄酮和鞣花单宁及其相应的代谢型，以及它们对心血管健康的影响。过去10年发表的人类观察性研究为异黄酮、鞣花单宁及其代谢型与更好的心血管危险因素之间的一致关联提供了证据。然而，对膳食多酚或分离的微生物代谢产物的干预研究表明，多酚与肠道微生物群的相互关系很复杂，尚未完全阐明。最后，我们强调了各种悬而未决的研究问题，这些问题将有助于确定精准营养干预的有效靶点，从而最大限度地提高个体对饮食和生活方式干预的反应，并改善人类健康。
