Research Progress of Phospholipid Vesicles in Biological Field.

Due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and facile surface functionalization, phospholipid vesicles as carriers have garnered significant attention in the realm of disease diagnosis and treatment. On the one hand, phospholipid vesicles can function as probes for the detection of various diseases by encapsulating nanoparticles, thereby enabling the precise localization of pathological changes and the monitoring of disease progression. On the other hand, phospholipid vesicles possess the capability to selectively target and deliver therapeutic agents, including drug molecules, genes and immune modulators, to affected sites, thereby enhancing the sustained release of these agents and improving therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to an increased focus on the application of phospholipid vesicles in drug delivery, biological detection, gene therapy, and cell mimics. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the structure, characteristics, and preparation techniques of phospholipid vesicles of varying sizes. Furthermore, we will summarize the latest research developments regarding their use as nanomedicines and gene carriers in disease treatment. Additionally, we will elucidate the potential of phospholipid vesicles in facilitating the internalization, controlled release, and targeted delivery of therapeutic substrates. Through this review, we aspire to enhance the understanding of the evolution of phospholipid vesicles within the biological field, outline prospective research, and address the forthcoming challenges associated with phospholipid vesicles in disease diagnosis and treatment.