Potential Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Seed Extract.

Plant-derived phytochemicals are crucial in fighting bacterial infections and in cancer therapy. This study investigates the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extract obtained from () seeds and assesses its antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis found 30 phytochemicals in seeds, including 5 bioactive compounds that have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties, through in silico evaluation. Phytochemical screening of identified and measured the phenolic compounds, providing insight into its bioactive potential and therapeutic properties. exhibited robust antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, and HO radical scavenging) alongside potent antimicrobial activity against oral pathogen and cytotoxicity activity on a human oral squamous carcinoma cell line (OECM-1) (EC of 169.35 µg/mL) and yeast cell (215.82 µg/mL), with a selective index of 1.27. The subminimum % MBC/MFC of significantly reduced biofilm formation against oral pathogens ( < 0.05). Molecular docking studies showed a strong correlation (r = 0.862) between antifungal and anticancer targets, suggesting that the antimicrobial agents in contribute to cancer prevention mechanisms. These findings propose seeds as promising candidates for combating oral pathogens, inhibiting biofilm formation, and reducing the risk of oral cancer progression.