Dariusz Skalski, Kostrzewa Maciej, Magdalena Prończuk, Markowski Jarosław, Pilch Jan, Żak Marcin, Maszczyk Adam
Institute of Pedagogy and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Wałcz, Wojska Polskiego 99, 78-600 Wałcz, Poland.
Department of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;11(12):1208. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11121208.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of EEG biofeedback training under normoxic and normobaric hypoxic conditions on both simple and complex reaction times in judo athletes, and to identify the optimal training frequency and environmental conditions that substantially enhance reaction times in the examined athlete groups. The study comprised 20 male judo athlete members of the Polish national judo team in the middleweight and heavyweight categories. We randomly assigned participants to an experimental group and a control group. We conducted the research over four cycles, varying the frequency of EEG biofeedback sessions and environmental circumstances for both the experimental and control groups. Every research cycle had 15 training sessions. The results showed that the experimental group, following the theta/beta regimen, got significantly faster at complex reactions after a training cycle that included sessions every other day at normal oxygen levels. Following daily training sessions in normoxic circumstances, we noted enhancements in simple reaction speeds. Under normobaric hypoxia conditions, the judo athletes showed deterioration in both simple and complex reaction times. The control group showed no similar changes. Daily EEG training in normoxic settings markedly improved simple reaction time, but EEG-BF training conducted every other day greatly raised complicated reaction time. In contrast, training under normobaric hypoxia settings did not result in enhancements in basic or complicated reaction times following EEG training.
本研究的目的是评估常氧和常压缺氧条件下的脑电图生物反馈训练对柔道运动员简单和复杂反应时间的影响，并确定能显著提高受试运动员组反应时间的最佳训练频率和环境条件。该研究包括20名波兰国家柔道队中量级和重量级的男性柔道运动员成员。我们将参与者随机分为实验组和对照组。我们进行了四个周期的研究，改变了实验组和对照组脑电图生物反馈训练的频率和环境条件。每个研究周期有15次训练课程。结果显示，实验组遵循θ/β方案，在一个训练周期（包括在正常氧气水平下每隔一天进行一次训练课程）后，复杂反应明显加快。在常氧环境下进行每日训练课程后，我们注意到简单反应速度有所提高。在常压缺氧条件下，柔道运动员的简单和复杂反应时间均出现恶化。对照组未出现类似变化。在常氧环境下进行每日脑电图训练显著改善了简单反应时间，但每隔一天进行的脑电图生物反馈训练极大地提高了复杂反应时间。相比之下，在常压缺氧环境下进行训练，在脑电图训练后，基本或复杂反应时间并未得到改善。
