Clarke Michelle, Mathew Suja M, Giles Lynne C, Barr Ian G, Richmond Peter C, Marshall Helen S
Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
The Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Nov 22;12(12):1307. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121307.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Influenza vaccination is recommended for pregnant women, offering the dual benefit of protecting pregnant women and their newborn infants against influenza. This study aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on influenza vaccine responses in pregnant women and their newborns.
Participants included pregnant women attending the Women's and Children's Hospital in South Australia between 2018 and 2021. Maternal blood samples were collected prior to and at 1 and 6 months post-influenza vaccination to measure antibody responses by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Cord blood samples were also collected. The percentages of participants achieving HI titre ≥40 were compared between obese and non-obese groups.
A total of 73 women were enrolled and received quadrivalent influenza vaccination at a mean age of 32 years (range 21-44 y) and median gestation of 24 weeks (range 11-37 weeks). BMI at vaccination was ≥30 kg/m for 21/73 women (29%). Most pregnant women demonstrated antibody titres ≥ 40 to all four influenza vaccine strains at 1 month post-vaccination regardless of BMI category (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m: 19/20; 95% vs. BMI < 30 kg/m: 47/49; 96%). At 6 months post-vaccination, 12/17 (71%) obese women compared to 36/43 (84%) non-obese women ( = 0.25) maintained HI titres ≥ 40. Cord blood serology showed HI titres ≥ 40 for 11/17 (65%) infants born to mothers with BMI ≥ 30 compared to 30/35 (86%) infants delivered by mothers with BMI < 30 kg/m.
A high BMI did not impair influenza vaccine antibody responses in pregnant women at 1 month post-vaccination. However, at 6 months post-vaccination, and in the cord blood samples, the percentages maintaining HI titre ≥ 40 were lower for obese women than for non-obese pregnant women.
背景/目的：建议孕妇接种流感疫苗，这对保护孕妇及其新生儿免受流感侵袭具有双重益处。本研究旨在调查体重指数（BMI）对孕妇及其新生儿流感疫苗反应的影响。
研究对象包括2018年至2021年间在南澳大利亚妇女儿童医院就诊的孕妇。在流感疫苗接种前、接种后1个月和6个月采集孕妇血液样本，通过血凝抑制（HI）试验检测抗体反应。同时也采集脐带血样本。比较肥胖组和非肥胖组中HI滴度≥40的参与者百分比。
共纳入73名女性，她们平均年龄32岁（范围21 - 44岁），中位孕周24周（范围11 - 37周），均接种了四价流感疫苗。73名女性中有21名（29%）接种疫苗时BMI≥30 kg/m²。无论BMI类别如何，大多数孕妇在接种疫苗后1个月对所有四种流感疫苗毒株的抗体滴度均≥40（BMI≥30 kg/m²：19/20；95% 对比BMI < 30 kg/m²：47/49；96%）。接种疫苗后6个月，12/17（71%）肥胖女性与36/43（84%）非肥胖女性（P = 0.25）维持HI滴度≥40。脐带血血清学显示，母亲BMI≥30的婴儿中11/17（65%）HI滴度≥40，而母亲BMI < 30 kg/m²的婴儿中这一比例为30/35（86%）。
高BMI并未损害孕妇接种疫苗后1个月的流感疫苗抗体反应。然而，在接种疫苗后6个月以及脐带血样本中，肥胖女性维持HI滴度≥40的百分比低于非肥胖孕妇。
