Vlasova Inna, Krüsselmann Philip, Kostenko Yuliia, Obrębski Maciej, Granica Sebastian, Vahjen Wilfried, Zentek Jürgen, Równicki Marcin, Piwowarski Jakub P
Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., Warsaw, 02-097, Poland.
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 7;15(1):1234. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84925-9.
The study addresses the utilization of food waste by-products from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) pods (FBP) as an alternative feed supplement to promote sustainable piglet growth by reducing antimicrobial use. Objectives include evaluation of FBP in terms of nutritional components (proximate composition, fibres, minerals), phytochemical composition (total phenols, HPLC-MS profiling), and in vitro biological activities. Air-dried FBP from the cultivar 'Bizon' contained high levels of crude protein (144 g/kg), dietary fibre (413 g/kg), potassium (27.8 g/kg), and iron (126 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract from FBP revealed significant levels of polyphenols, including vestitol, piscidic acid, hydroxyeucomic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol glycosides with no detectable tannins. The extract showed negligible activity against porcine digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin) (IC > 4 mg/mL) and demonstrated a dose-dependent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in concentrations of 1-8 mg/mL. The extract had low cytotoxicity (IC = 432.6 µg/mL) against IPEC-J2 - cells derived from porcine jejunal epithelium. The results indicate that FBP 'Bizon' is a valuable source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties, without adverse effects on porcine enzymes or IPEC-J2 cells, supporting its potential as a sustainable feed in piglet nutrition, in line with circular economy concepts.
本研究探讨了利用蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）豆荚（FBP）产生的食物垃圾副产品作为替代饲料补充剂，通过减少抗菌药物的使用来促进仔猪的可持续生长。目标包括从营养成分（近似成分、纤维、矿物质）、植物化学成分（总酚、HPLC-MS分析）和体外生物活性方面评估FBP。来自品种‘Bizon’的风干FBP含有高水平的粗蛋白（144 g/kg）、膳食纤维（413 g/kg）、钾（27.8 g/kg）和铁（126 mg/kg）。对FBP甲醇提取物的植物化学分析显示含有大量多酚，包括vestitol、piscidic acid、hydroxyeucomic acid、槲皮素和山奈酚糖苷，未检测到单宁。该提取物对猪消化酶（α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶）的活性可忽略不计（IC＞4 mg/mL），并在1-8 mg/mL浓度下对大肠杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌表现出剂量依赖性抗菌活性。该提取物对源自猪空肠上皮的IPEC-J2细胞具有低细胞毒性（IC=432.6 µg/mL）。结果表明，FBP‘Bizon’是一种具有抗菌特性的生物活性化合物的宝贵来源，对猪酶或IPEC-J2细胞无不良影响，符合循环经济概念，支持其作为仔猪营养中可持续饲料的潜力。
