Kawata Ranko, Abe Yuka, Kusumoto Yuriko, Matsumoto Takashi, Yokoi Takumi, Sako Haruka, Baba Kazuyoshi
Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, JPN.
Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, JPN.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 7;16(12):e75288. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75288. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Background Tooth loss can impair masticatory function and may subsequently result in malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores, which assess malnutrition risk, in patients with removable dentures. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from a consecutive sampling of 192 patients (mean age 72.7 ± 8.4 years, 73 males and 119 females) with removable dentures. Variables assessed included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Eichner index, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), social background (frequency of nutrition-related media consumption, level of attention to diet, economic status, educational background, and whether the patient lived alone), denture quality assessed by dentists, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), masticatory performance score based on the glucose concentration of comminuted gummy jelly, energy intake based on the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BHDQ), and the CONUT score as determined from blood test results. Multiple regression analysis was performed with malnutrition risk level (CONUT 0 as low-risk, CONUT 1 and 2 as mild-risk, and CONUT 3 and 4 as moderate-risk) as the dependent variable and the 14 items aforementioned as independent variables. Results The number of patients at low, mild, and moderate risk was 67, 116, and 9, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that being male ( = 0.004), low BMI ( < 0.001), and low masticatory performance scores ( = 0.025) were significantly associated with malnutrition risk, as evaluated by the CONUT score. Conclusion Enhanced masticatory performance may help improve the nutritional status of patients with removable dentures.
背景 牙齿缺失会损害咀嚼功能，进而可能导致营养不良。本研究旨在调查可摘局部义齿患者中与控制营养状况（CONUT）评分相关的因素，该评分用于评估营养不良风险。
材料与方法 在这项横断面研究中，数据来自对192例可摘局部义齿患者（平均年龄72.7±8.4岁，男性73例，女性119例）的连续抽样。评估的变量包括年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）、艾希纳指数、查尔森合并症指数（CCI）、社会背景（营养相关媒体消费频率、饮食关注度、经济状况、教育背景以及患者是否独居）、牙医评估的义齿质量、口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP）、基于粉碎软糖葡萄糖浓度的咀嚼性能评分、基于简短型自填式饮食史问卷（BHDQ）的能量摄入，以及根据血液检测结果确定的CONUT评分。以营养不良风险水平（CONUT 0为低风险，CONUT 1和2为轻度风险以及CONUT 3和4为中度风险）作为因变量，将上述14项作为自变量进行多元回归分析。
结果 低风险、轻度风险和中度风险的患者人数分别为67例、116例和9例。回归分析显示，根据CONUT评分评估，男性（ = 0.004）、低BMI（ < 0.001）和低咀嚼性能评分（ = 0.025）与营养不良风险显著相关。
结论 提高咀嚼性能可能有助于改善可摘局部义齿患者的营养状况。
