Xia Teng, Yuan Qian, Zhang Yao, Shan Guangmei
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital (The Gaochun Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital (The Gaochun Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 8;25(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21249-3.
The relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the energy and timing of SSB intake and PhenoAgeAccel in adults.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010, which involved U.S. adults aged 20 to 79 years. The assessment and estimation of SSB intake were conducted through 24-hour dietary recall interviews, categorizing participants into three groups: non-intake, low moderate-intake, and moderate-high-intake. Furthermore, SSB consumers were divided into three time intervals based on intake timing: dawn-to-forenoon (5:00 a.m. to 11:59 a.m.), noon-to-afternoon (12:00 p.m. to 17:59 p.m.), and dusk-to-night (18:00 p.m. to 4:59 a.m.). Multivariable linear regression models were employed to evaluate the associations between SSB intake (energy and timing) and PhenoAgeAccel. Additionally, stratified analyses and interaction analyses were conducted. Furthermore, obesity was assessed via two distinct metrics: the body roundness index (BRI) and the body mass index (BMI). Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of obesity on the relationship between the energy of SSB intake and PhenoAgeAccel.
After controlling for covariates, SSB intake (per 100 kcal/day) was positively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel (β = 0.179, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.086-0.271). The moderate-high-intake group presented a significantly greater PhenoAgeAccel than the non-intake group (β = 1.023, 95% CI: 0.414-1.632). This relationship remained stable across stratified analyses. Compared with those who abstained from SSB, those who consumed SSB during the dusk-to-night period exhibited notably elevated PhenoAgeAccel (β = 0.915, 95% CI: 0.316-1.514). A significant interactive effect of smoking on the SSB intake timing-PhenoAgeAccel association was observed (P for interaction = 0.002). Mediation analysis revealed that both BRI and BMI significantly mediated the relationship between energy intake from SSB and PhenoAgeAccel, with mediation proportions of 16.29% and 16.21%, respectively.
Our study revealed a positive correlation between SSB energy intake and PhenoAgeAccel, which may be partially mediated by obesity. Moreover, consuming SSB during the dusk-to-night period may increase PhenoAgeAccel.
含糖饮料（SSB）摄入量与表型年龄加速（PhenoAgeAccel）之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨成年人中SSB摄入量的能量和时间与PhenoAgeAccel之间的关联。
使用2007 - 2010年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据进行横断面分析，该调查涉及20至79岁的美国成年人。通过24小时饮食回顾访谈对SSB摄入量进行评估和估算，将参与者分为三组：不摄入、低中度摄入和中高度摄入。此外，根据摄入时间将SSB消费者分为三个时间间隔：黎明至上午（上午5:00至11:59）、中午至下午（下午12:00至17:59）和黄昏至夜间（下午18:00至凌晨4:59）。采用多变量线性回归模型评估SSB摄入量（能量和时间）与PhenoAgeAccel之间的关联。此外，还进行了分层分析和交互分析。此外，通过两种不同的指标评估肥胖：身体圆润指数（BRI）和体重指数（BMI）。进行中介分析以研究肥胖对SSB能量摄入与PhenoAgeAccel之间关系的中介作用。
在控制协变量后，SSB摄入量（每100千卡/天）与PhenoAgeAccel呈正相关（β = 0.179，95%置信区间[CI]：0.086 - 0.271）。中高度摄入组的PhenoAgeAccel显著高于不摄入组（β = 1.023，95% CI：0.414 - 1.632）。这种关系在分层分析中保持稳定。与不饮用SSB的人相比，在黄昏至夜间饮用SSB的人表现出明显升高的PhenoAgeAccel（β = 0.915，95% CI：0.316 - 1.514）。观察到吸烟对SSB摄入时间 - PhenoAgeAccel关联有显著的交互作用（交互作用P = 0.002）。中介分析表明，BRI和BMI均显著介导了SSB能量摄入与PhenoAgeAccel之间的关系，中介比例分别为16.29%和16.21%。
我们的研究揭示了SSB能量摄入与PhenoAgeAccel之间的正相关，这可能部分由肥胖介导。此外，在黄昏至夜间饮用SSB可能会增加PhenoAgeAccel。
