Li Xunliang, Zhao Channa, Liu Mengqian, Zhao Wenman, Pan Haifeng, Wang Deguang
Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Arch Public Health. 2025 Jan 9;83(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13690-024-01454-7.
This study aims to assess the global burden and trends in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevalence, stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI) categories and age groups, across 204 countries and territories.
Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this study analyzed trends in the age-standardized prevalence rate of overall and type-specific CVDs, including rheumatic heart disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertensive heart disease, non-rheumatic valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, atrial fibrillation and flutter, peripheral artery disease, endocarditis, and other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases. Age-standardized prevalence rates were stratified by SDI categories (low, low-middle, middle, high-middle, and high) and age groups (0-14, 15-49, 50-69, and ≥ 70 years). The corresponding average annual percentage change was calculated to assess temporal trends.
From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardized prevalence rate per 100,000 population for CVD decreased from 6728.04 (95% UI 6394.55 to 7059.66) to 6431.57 (95% UI 6109.95 to 6759.8), with an average annual percent change of -0.15% (95% CI -0.17 to -0.13). When stratified by SDI category, the age-standardized prevalence rate of CVD decreased significantly in high-middle and high SDI countries but increased in middle, low-middle, and low SDI countries. By age group, the age-standardized prevalence rate of CVD declined in the 50-69 and ≥ 70 years groups but increased in the 0-14 and 15-49 years groups. SDI levels were negatively associated with faster increases in the age-standardized prevalence rate of CVD across all ages and age groups. Low SDI countries consistently showed the highest age-standardized prevalence rates of CVD in the younger age groups (0-14 and 15-49 years), while high-middle SDI countries had the highest rates in the older age groups (50-69 and ≥ 70 years). The age-standardized prevalence rate of CVD was negatively associated with SDI levels in the 0-14 and 15-49 years groups and positively associated with SDI levels in the 50-69 and ≥ 70 years groups. Type-specific CVDs such as rheumatic heart disease, other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases, non-rheumatic valvular heart disease, and hypertensive heart disease showed increased age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019.
This study highlights significant disparities in CVD prevalence across sociodemographic and age groups. While the global prevalence of CVD has generally decreased, the rise in CVD prevalence in lower SDI countries and younger populations calls for tailored intervention strategies. Addressing these disparities is crucial to mitigating the growing burden of CVD and promoting cardiovascular health on a global scale.
本研究旨在评估204个国家和地区按社会人口学指数（SDI）类别和年龄组分层的心血管疾病（CVD）患病率的全球负担及趋势。
利用全球疾病负担研究2019的数据，本研究分析了总体及特定类型CVD（包括风湿性心脏病、缺血性心脏病、中风、高血压性心脏病、非风湿性瓣膜性心脏病、心肌病和心肌炎、心房颤动和扑动、外周动脉疾病、心内膜炎以及其他心血管和循环系统疾病）年龄标准化患病率的趋势。年龄标准化患病率按SDI类别（低、中低、中、中高和高）和年龄组（0 - 14岁、15 - 49岁、50 - 69岁和≥70岁）分层。计算相应的年均变化百分比以评估时间趋势。
1990年至2019年，全球每10万人口中CVD的年龄标准化患病率从6728.04（95%不确定区间6394.55至7059.66）降至6431.57（95%不确定区间6109.95至6759.8），年均变化百分比为 - 0.15%（95%置信区间 - 0.17至 - 0.13）。按SDI类别分层时，CVD的年龄标准化患病率在中高和高SDI国家显著下降，但在中、中低和低SDI国家有所上升。按年龄组划分，CVD的年龄标准化患病率在50 - 69岁和≥70岁组下降，但在0 - 14岁和15 - 49岁组上升。SDI水平与各年龄和年龄组中CVD年龄标准化患病率的更快上升呈负相关。低SDI国家在较年轻年龄组（0 - 14岁和15 - 49岁）中CVD的年龄标准化患病率始终最高，而中高SDI国家在较年长年龄组（50 - 69岁和≥70岁）中患病率最高。CVD的年龄标准化患病率在0 - 14岁和15 - 49岁组与SDI水平呈负相关，在50 - 69岁和≥70岁组与SDI水平呈正相关。1990年至2019年，风湿性心脏病、其他心血管和循环系统疾病、非风湿性瓣膜性心脏病和高血压性心脏病等特定类型的CVD年龄标准化患病率有所上升。
本研究突出了CVD患病率在社会人口学和年龄组之间的显著差异。虽然全球CVD患病率总体上有所下降，但低SDI国家和年轻人群中CVD患病率的上升需要针对性的干预策略。解决这些差异对于减轻日益增长的CVD负担和在全球范围内促进心血管健康至关重要。
