Kojima Masami, Tasaki Takafumi, Kamijo Toshio, Hada Aki, Suzuki Yukihisa, Kik Alfred, Ikehata Masateru, Sasaki Hiroshi
Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health, Medical Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.
Division of Protein Regulation Research, Medical Research Institute and Department of Medical Zoology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.
Health Phys. 2025 Jun 1;128(6):487-496. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001951. Epub 2025 Jan 13.
Electromagnetic radiation energy at millimeter wave frequencies, typically 30 GHz to 300 GHz, is ubiquitously used in society in devices for telecommunications; radar and imaging systems for vehicle collision avoidance, security screening, and medical equipment; scientific research tools for spectroscopy; industrial applications for non-destructive testing and precise measurement; and military and defense applications. Understanding the biological effects of this technology is essential. We have been investigating ocular responses and damage thresholds comparing various frequencies using rabbit eyes and dedicated experimental apparatus. In this study we investigated the 28 GHz quasi-millimeter wave band (wavelength: 10.7 mm), a candidate for 5G communication. Similar to millimeter wave frequencies, ocular damage from exposure to 28 GHz for 6 min (400 mW cm -2 ) included corneal epithelial damage, corneal edema, and opacity. The incident power density threshold, indicating a 50% probability of ocular damage from exposure for 6 min, was found to be 359 mW cm -2 for 28 GHz. Comparing the ocular exposure area for various millimeter wave frequencies (40, 75, 95 GHz) and 28 GHz quasi-millimeter waves using a thermosensitive liquid crystal capsule, we found that for millimeter waves, even at identical incident power densities, the ocular exposure area decreases as the frequency increases (lens effect). However, this lens effect was not observed at 28 GHz, where the entire anterior segment area was exposed to radio waves.
毫米波频率的电磁辐射能量，通常在30吉赫兹至300吉赫兹之间，在社会中被广泛应用于电信设备；用于车辆防撞、安全筛查和医疗设备的雷达及成像系统；光谱学的科研工具；无损检测和精确测量的工业应用；以及军事和国防应用。了解这项技术的生物效应至关重要。我们一直在使用兔眼和专用实验设备，比较不同频率下的眼部反应和损伤阈值。在本研究中，我们调查了作为5G通信候选频段的28吉赫兹准毫米波频段（波长：10.7毫米）。与毫米波频率类似，暴露于28吉赫兹6分钟（400毫瓦/平方厘米）导致的眼部损伤包括角膜上皮损伤、角膜水肿和浑浊。发现28吉赫兹下暴露6分钟导致眼部损伤概率为50%的入射功率密度阈值为359毫瓦/平方厘米。使用热敏液晶胶囊比较不同毫米波频率（40、75、95吉赫兹）和28吉赫兹准毫米波的眼部暴露面积，我们发现对于毫米波，即使入射功率密度相同，眼部暴露面积也会随着频率增加而减小（透镜效应）。然而，在28吉赫兹未观察到这种透镜效应，此时整个眼前节区域都暴露于无线电波。
