Dymova Alexandra A, Kovalev Maxim A, Silantyev Artemiy S, Borzykh Anna A, Osipova Pamila J, Poddubko Svetlana V, Mitkevich Vladimir A, Karpov Dmitry S, Kostina Natalia V
Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Soil Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 25;26(1):67. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010067.
The black garden ant () is a widely distributed species across Europe, North America, and North Africa, playing a pivotal role in ecological processes within its diverse habitats. However, the microbiome associated with remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we isolated a novel species, , from the soil of the anthill. The genome of S21 was sequenced, annotated, and searched for groups of genes of physiological, medical, and biotechnological importance. Subsequently, a series of microbiological, physiological, and biochemical experiments were conducted to characterize S21 with respect to its sugar metabolism, antibiotic resistance profile, lipidome, and capacity for atmospheric nitrogen fixation, among others. A notable feature of the S21 genome is the presence of two prophages, which may have horizontally transferred host genes involved in stress responses. S21 synthesizes a number of lipids, including mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, as well as steroid compounds that are typically found in eukaryotic organisms rather than prokaryotes. S21 exhibits resistance to penicillins, lincosamides, fusidins, and oxazolidinones, despite the absence of specific genes conferring resistance to these antibiotics. Genomic data and physiological tests indicate that S21 is nonpathogenic to humans. The genome of S21 contains multiple operons involved in heavy metal metabolism and organic compound inactivation. Consequently, represents a novel species with an intriguing evolutionary history, manifesting in distinctive genomic, metabolomic, and physiological characteristics. This species may have potential applications in the bioaugmentation of contaminated soils.
黑花园蚁（）是一种广泛分布于欧洲、北美和北非的物种，在其多样的栖息地的生态过程中发挥着关键作用。然而，与黑花园蚁相关的微生物群落仍未得到充分研究。在本研究中，我们从黑花园蚁蚁丘的土壤中分离出了一个新物种，即S21。对S21的基因组进行了测序、注释，并搜索了具有生理、医学和生物技术重要性的基因群。随后，进行了一系列微生物学、生理学和生化实验，以表征S21在糖代谢、抗生素抗性谱、脂质组以及大气固氮能力等方面的特性。S21基因组的一个显著特征是存在两个原噬菌体，它们可能水平转移了参与应激反应的宿主基因。S21合成了多种脂质，包括单半乳糖基二酰甘油和二半乳糖基二酰甘油，以及通常在真核生物而非原核生物中发现的类固醇化合物。尽管缺乏赋予对这些抗生素抗性的特定基因，但S21对青霉素、林可酰胺类、夫西地酸和恶唑烷酮类表现出抗性。基因组数据和生理学测试表明，S21对人类无致病性。S21的基因组包含多个参与重金属代谢和有机化合物失活的操纵子。因此，S21代表了一个具有有趣进化历史的新物种，体现在独特的基因组、代谢组和生理学特征上。该物种可能在污染土壤的生物强化中有潜在应用。
