Akter Rozina, Asgor Moral Mohammad Ali, Md Khalequzzaman, A K M Bashar
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Int J Dent. 2025 Jan 4;2025:1664620. doi: 10.1155/ijod/1664620. eCollection 2025.
Due to the presence of ion reservoir, saliva may facilitate enamel remineralization and neutralize pH of acidic beverage leads to prevent enamel demineralization. Saliva substitute/artificial saliva has been developed in subsequent years and may differ in physical properties, function, or pH level from 5.0 to 7.3. To evaluate the biomimetic effect of saliva (neutralization) on tooth enamel exposed to carbonated beverage (pH 2.44) and to observe therapeutic capability (remineralization) of artificial saliva over previously eroded (grade 3 and grade 5) enamel surface. After scanning with electron microscope (SEM-EDX), nondemineralized crown samples ( = 40) were randomly grouped into two. Samples (50%) were flushed all around to carbonated beverage with collected natural saliva bathing simultaneously (experimental group, = 20), and the rest flushed to beverage only without saliva bathing simultaneously (control group, = 20). Flushing action was performed for 3 min by a customized digital automatic flusher for 30 times for each sample. Samples ( = 40) were further scanned under SEM-EDX to evaluate the demineralization grade and concentration of Ca, P, O, and C elements of crown samples to find out the neutralization effect of saliva. In the second phase, already demineralized crown samples ( = 30) were randomly treated with artificial saliva having two different pH (7 or 6.8, experimental groups) and distilled water (control group) for 15 min 3 times daily for 30 days. The remineralization score of experimental samples was graded, and therapeutic capability was established. Samples, when exposed to a carbonated beverage with saliva bathing simultaneously, showed low level of demineralization (mean 2.9 ± 0.3) than the control (without saliva) (mean 4.8 ± 0.3) ( = 0.01) which indicated neutralization (bioimimetic) effect of natural saliva. All (100%) of demineralized samples treated with both artificial saliva (pH 7 or pH 6.8) showed significant remineralization ( = 0.01), thus revealed biomimetic capacity. SEM-EDX analysis showed initial (before beverage exposure) concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon elements of crown samples were 32.48%, 31.5%, 28.3%, and 5.5%, respectively. The calcium (Ca) (9.7%) and phosphorous (P) (18.5%) values were more decreased after beverage exposure without saliva bathing simultaneously compared to after beverage exposure with saliva bathing simultaneously. The concentration of oxygen (54.4%) and carbon (15.5%) were more increased after beverage exposure without saliva bathing simultaneously compared to after beverage exposure with saliva bathing simultaneously. Though the concentration of calcium (38.5%) of the crown sample was increased after treatment with artificial saliva (pH 7), but the phosphorus (18.5%) concentration of the crown sample was not increased. Within the context of the present study, both natural and artificial saliva showed significant biomimetic effects with respect to neutralization and remineralization.
由于存在离子储存库，唾液可能有助于牙釉质再矿化，并中和酸性饮料的pH值，从而防止牙釉质脱矿。随后几年开发了唾液替代品/人工唾液，其物理性质、功能或pH值可能在5.0至7.3之间有所不同。为了评估唾液（中和）对暴露于碳酸饮料（pH 2.44）的牙釉质的仿生作用，并观察人工唾液对先前侵蚀（3级和5级）牙釉质表面的治疗能力（再矿化）。在用电子显微镜（SEM-EDX）扫描后，将未脱矿的牙冠样本（n = 40）随机分为两组。样本（50%）用收集的天然唾液同时冲洗周围并浸泡在碳酸饮料中（实验组，n = 20），其余样本仅冲洗饮料而不同时用唾液浸泡（对照组，n = 20）。使用定制的数字自动冲洗器对每个样本进行3分钟的冲洗动作，共冲洗30次。样本（n = 40）进一步在SEM-EDX下扫描，以评估牙冠样本的脱矿等级以及钙、磷、氧和碳元素的浓度，以了解唾液的中和作用。在第二阶段，已脱矿的牙冠样本（n = 30）随机用两种不同pH值（7或6.8，实验组）的人工唾液和蒸馏水（对照组）处理，每天3次，每次15分钟，持续30天。对实验样本的再矿化评分进行分级，并确定治疗能力。当样本同时用唾液浸泡暴露于碳酸饮料时，与对照组（无唾液）相比，脱矿水平较低（平均2.9±0.3）（无唾液组平均4.8±0.3）（P = 0.01），这表明天然唾液具有中和（仿生）作用。用人工唾液（pH 7或pH 6.8）处理的所有脱矿样本（100%）均显示出显著的再矿化（P = 0.01），从而揭示了仿生能力。SEM-EDX分析表明，牙冠样本中钙、磷、氧和碳元素的初始（饮料暴露前）浓度分别为32.48%、31.5%、28.3%和5.5%。与同时用唾液浸泡饮料暴露后相比，不同时用唾液浸泡饮料暴露后钙（Ca）（9.7%）和磷（P）（18.5%）的值下降更多。与同时用唾液浸泡饮料暴露后相比，不同时用唾液浸泡饮料暴露后氧（54.4%）和碳（15.5%）的浓度增加更多。尽管用人工唾液（pH 7）处理后牙冠样本的钙浓度（38.5%）增加了，但牙冠样本的磷浓度（18.
