Punchihewage-Don Anuradha Jeewantha, Ranaweera Priyanka Nilmini, Parveen Salina
Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States.
Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka.
Front Antibiot. 2024 Sep 17;3:1448796. doi: 10.3389/frabi.2024.1448796. eCollection 2024.
is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes salmonellosis worldwide. Also, is considered a serious problem for food safety and public health. Several antimicrobial classes including aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenols, and β-Lactams are used to treat infections. Antibiotics have been prescribed for decades to treat infections caused by bacteria in human and animal healthcare. However, intensive use of antibiotics resulted in antibiotic resistance (AR) among several foodborne bacteria including . Furthermore, multi-drug resistance (MDR) of has increased dramatically. In addition to MDR , extensively drug resistant (XDR) as well as pan drug resistant (PDR) were reported globally. Therefore, increasing AR is becoming a serious universal public health crisis. developed many mechanisms to ensure its survival against antimicrobials. The most prominent defense mechanisms against these antibiotics include enzymatic inactivation, expelling drugs from the cell through efflux pumps, altering the structure of drugs, and changing or protecting the targets of drugs. Additionally, the formation of biofilms and plasmid-mediated AR by , enhancing its resistance to various antibiotics, making it a challenging pathogen in both healthcare and food industry settings. This review focuses exclusively on providing a detailed overview of the mechanisms of AR in .
是一种食源性病原体，在全球范围内引发沙门氏菌病。此外，它被认为是食品安全和公共卫生领域的一个严重问题。包括氨基糖苷类、四环素类、酚类和β-内酰胺类在内的几类抗菌药物被用于治疗感染。几十年来，抗生素一直在人类和动物医疗保健中被用于治疗由细菌引起的感染。然而，抗生素的大量使用导致包括在内的几种食源细菌产生了抗生素耐药性（AR）。此外，的多重耐药性（MDR）急剧增加。除了MDR ，全球还报告了广泛耐药（XDR）以及泛耐药（PDR） 。因此，不断增加的AR正成为一场严重的全球公共卫生危机。 发展出了许多机制来确保其在抗菌药物环境下的生存。针对这些抗生素最突出的防御机制包括酶促失活、通过外排泵将药物排出细胞、改变药物结构以及改变或保护药物靶点。此外，形成生物膜以及由介导的质粒介导的AR增强了其对各种抗生素的耐药性，使其在医疗保健和食品工业环境中都成为一种具有挑战性的病原体。本综述专门聚焦于详细概述中AR的机制。
