Bulcha Begna, Tesfaye Asaminew, Garoma Abebe, Begna Feyisa
Department of CLiS, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia.
Biomed Res Int. 2025 Jan 6;2025:1709145. doi: 10.1155/bmri/1709145. eCollection 2025.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen affecting dairy cattle all over the world by causing significant economic losses due to reproductive and respiratory problems, immunosuppressive effects, increased risk of morbidity, and calf mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and identify risk factors associated with its occurrence in and around Nekemte Town of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 305 dairy cattle of 41 herds by using cluster-sampling method. All sampled animals were identified by their age, breeds, origin, parity, pregnancy status, and history of reproductive and respiratory problems. Competitive ELISA was used in the laboratory to detect the presence of antibodies in the serum. At the animal and herd level, descriptive statistics were utilized to assess the amount of BVDV viral antibody circulation, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to detect potential risk variables. The result demonstrates 9.84% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.49-13.18) and 28.52% (95% CI: 23.46-33.59) seroprevalence of BVDV antibody at individual and herd level, respectively. Abortion (odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; = 0.019), retention of fetal membrane (OR = 3.33; = 0.011), purchasing of animals (OR = 2.98; = 0.017), and pregnancy (OR = 3.16; = 0.019) were variables significantly associated with the seropositivity of BVDV. Herd size was found to be substantially linked with BVDV infection at the herd level ( = 0.009). These moderate seroprevalence of BVDV results indicate that the virus is widely spread among dairy cattle at various farms in and around Nekemte Town, hurting dairy farm production and productivity. To reduce the seroprevalence of this infectious agent, cows with a history of reproductive disorders should be tested, and new animals should be quarantined before being introduced into herds, and more research should be done to assess the impact of reproductive failure and other effects associated with this virus.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是一种重要的病原体，通过引发繁殖和呼吸问题、免疫抑制作用、发病率增加以及犊牛死亡率上升，给全球奶牛业造成重大经济损失。2021年2月至2021年8月进行了一项横断面研究，以确定埃塞俄比亚内克梅特镇及其周边地区牛病毒性腹泻（BVD）的血清流行率，并识别与其发生相关的风险因素。采用整群抽样方法，从41个牛群的305头奶牛中采集血样。所有采样动物均按年龄、品种、来源、胎次、妊娠状态以及繁殖和呼吸问题病史进行识别。实验室使用竞争ELISA法检测血清中抗体的存在。在动物和牛群层面，利用描述性统计评估BVDV病毒抗体的循环量，并采用多变量逻辑回归分析检测潜在风险变量。结果表明，个体和牛群层面BVDV抗体的血清流行率分别为9.84%（95%置信区间（CI）：6.49 - 13.18）和28.52%（95%CI：23.46 - 33.59）。流产（比值比（OR）= 2.75；P = 0.019）、胎膜滞留（OR = 3.33；P = 0.011）、购入动物（OR = 2.98；P = 0.017）以及妊娠（OR = 3.16；P = 0.019）是与BVDV血清阳性显著相关的变量。发现牛群规模在牛群层面与BVDV感染密切相关（P = 0.009）。BVDV的这些中等血清流行率结果表明，该病毒在内克梅特镇及其周边地区的各个奶牛场中广泛传播，损害了奶牛场的生产和生产力。为降低这种传染源的血清流行率，应对有繁殖障碍病史的奶牛进行检测，新引入的动物在进入牛群前应进行隔离，并且应开展更多研究以评估繁殖失败以及与该病毒相关的其他影响。
