Schuitmaker Lotte, Drogt Jojanneke, Benders Manon, Jongsma Karin
Department of Bioethics & Health Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Br Med Bull. 2025 Jan 16;153(1). doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldae025.
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in clinical settings may offer significant benefits. A roadblock to the responsible implementation of medical AI is the remaining uncertainty regarding requirements for AI users at the bedside. An overview of the academic literature on human requirements for the adequate use of AI in clinical settings is therefore of significant value.
A systematic review of the potential implications of medical AI for the required competencies of physicians as mentioned in the academic literature.
Our findings emphasize the importance of physicians' critical human skills, alongside the growing demand for technical and digital competencies.
Concrete guidance on physicians' required competencies in AI-assisted clinical settings remains ambiguous and requires further clarification and specification. Dissensus remains over whether physicians are adequately equipped to use and monitor AI in clinical settings in terms of competencies, skills and expertise, issues of ownership regarding normative guidance, and training of physicians' skills.
Our review offers a basis for subsequent further research and normative analysis on the responsible use of AI in clinical settings.
Future research should clearly outline (i) how physicians must be(come) competent in working with AI in clinical settings, (ii) who or what should take ownership of embedding these competencies in a normative and regulatory framework, (iii) investigate conditions for achieving a reasonable amount of trust in AI, and (iv) assess the connection between trust and efficiency in patient care.
在临床环境中利用人工智能（AI）可能会带来显著益处。医疗人工智能负责任实施的一个障碍是床边人工智能用户的要求仍存在不确定性。因此，对关于临床环境中充分使用人工智能的人员要求的学术文献进行综述具有重要价值。
对学术文献中提到的医疗人工智能对医生所需能力的潜在影响进行系统综述。
我们的研究结果强调了医生关键人文技能的重要性，以及对技术和数字能力日益增长的需求。
关于人工智能辅助临床环境中医生所需能力的具体指导仍然模糊，需要进一步澄清和明确。在医生是否在能力、技能和专业知识方面有足够能力在临床环境中使用和监控人工智能、规范指导的所有权问题以及医生技能培训方面仍存在分歧。
我们的综述为后续关于临床环境中人工智能负责任使用的进一步研究和规范分析提供了基础。
未来研究应明确概述（i）医生在临床环境中使用人工智能时必须如何具备能力，（ii）谁或什么应负责将这些能力纳入规范和监管框架，（iii）研究对人工智能建立合理信任度的条件，以及（iv）评估患者护理中信任与效率之间的联系。
