Song Ke, Jia Ruili, Huang Pengyu, Huang Xing, Zhang Boqiang, Li Feiqiang
School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.
National Fuel Cell Vehicle and Powertrain System Engineering Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 23;11(1):e41410. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41410. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Functional safety is an emerging trend for safety design in the automobile industry. This study is an innovative exploration of a hazard analysis and quantitative risk assessment (QRA) methodology based on the functional safety of vehicular fuel cell systems. In this study, the potential hazards that fuel cell vehicles may encounter during operation were identified using the automobile generic hazard list. The failure modes and influences of the main components of the fuel cell system were determined via hazard and operability studies. Furthermore, the risks and consequences of the fuel cell system were explored using the QRA method. The failure frequency and unavailability of the fuel-cell system were calculated, and the architecture was optimized using a redundant design with a focus on hydrogen safety. The results showed that the optimized system architecture could effectively reduce the hazard of hydrogen leakage, and the unavailability and failure frequency of hydrogen leakage risk were reduced by 94.4 % and 36.8 %, respectively. Thus, this study provides powerful insights for future research and improvement of vehicular fuel cell systems.
功能安全是汽车行业安全设计的一个新兴趋势。本研究是对基于车辆燃料电池系统功能安全的危害分析和定量风险评估（QRA）方法的创新性探索。在本研究中，使用汽车通用危害清单识别了燃料电池汽车在运行过程中可能遇到的潜在危害。通过危害与可操作性研究确定了燃料电池系统主要部件的故障模式及其影响。此外，使用QRA方法探索了燃料电池系统的风险和后果。计算了燃料电池系统的故障频率和不可用性，并采用以氢气安全为重点的冗余设计对架构进行了优化。结果表明，优化后的系统架构可有效降低氢气泄漏危害，氢气泄漏风险的不可用性和故障频率分别降低了94.4%和36.8%。因此，本研究为未来车辆燃料电池系统的研究和改进提供了有力的见解。
