Rani Neelam, Kumari Kusum, Hooda Vinita
Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2025 Jan 22;25(1):23. doi: 10.1007/s10142-025-01528-x.
Despite years of progress in biotechnology, altering the genetic makeup of many plant species, especially their plastids, remains challenging. The existence of a cell wall poses a significant obstacle to the effectual transportation of biomolecules. Developing efficient methods to introduce genes into plant cells and organelles without causing harm is an ongoing area of research. Traditional approaches like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistic particle delivery, electroporation and polyethylene glycol (PEG) transformation have shown some success but come with limitations like laborious, time-consuming and causing tissue damage. For instance, the Agrobacterium method can be applied only to the restricted host range, while PEG transformation and biolistic particle delivery are not very efficient. In contrast, nanotechnology made an appearance in the field of genetic engineering. Nanoparticles act as delivery vehicles for many cargos in animals. However, in plants, the application of nanocarriers for the delivery of biomolecules is still in its infant stage. Nonetheless, it holds immense potential for the future of plant biotechnology and genome editing.
尽管生物技术多年来取得了进展，但改变许多植物物种的基因组成，尤其是它们的质体，仍然具有挑战性。细胞壁的存在对生物分子的有效运输构成了重大障碍。开发在不造成伤害的情况下将基因导入植物细胞和细胞器的有效方法是一个正在进行的研究领域。像农杆菌介导的转化、基因枪粒子递送、电穿孔和聚乙二醇（PEG）转化等传统方法已取得了一些成功，但存在诸如费力、耗时和造成组织损伤等局限性。例如，农杆菌方法仅能应用于有限的宿主范围，而PEG转化和基因枪粒子递送效率不高。相比之下，纳米技术在基因工程领域崭露头角。纳米颗粒在动物体内可作为多种货物的递送载体。然而，在植物中，纳米载体用于生物分子递送仍处于起步阶段。尽管如此，它在植物生物技术和基因组编辑的未来具有巨大潜力。
