Muzzio Nicolas, Garcia Samantha, Flores Luis, Newman Gary, Gomez Amanda, Santi Athena, Usen Nazreen Mohamed Shahid, Martinez-Cartagena Eduardo Manuel, Yirgaalem Delina, Sankarasubramanian Shrihari, Romero Gabriela
Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2025 Feb 17;8(2):1330-1342. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.4c01647. Epub 2025 Jan 24.
Developing scaffolds supporting functional cell attachment and tissue growth is critical in basic cell research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine approaches. Though poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and its derivatives are attractive for hydrogels and scaffold fabrication, they often require bioactive modifications due to their bioinert nature. In this work, biomimetic synthesized conductive polypyrrole-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) copolymer doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PPy-PEDOT:PSS) was used as a biocompatible coating for poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel to support neuronal and muscle cells' attachment, activity, and differentiation. The synthesized copolymer was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Its electrochemical properties were studied using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and voltammetry. PPy-PEDOT:PSS-coated hydrogels were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, and protein adsorption was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Attachment and differentiation of the ND7/23 neuron hybrid cell line and C2C12 myoblasts were evaluated by cell cytoskeleton staining and quantification of morphological parameters. Viability was assessed by live/dead staining using flow cytometry. Cortex neural activity was studied by calcium ion influx that could be detected through the dynamic fluorescence changes of Fluo-4. The PPy-PEDOT:PSS coating supported cell attachment and differentiation and was nontoxic to cells. Primary neurons attached and remained responsive to electrical stimulation. Altogether, the biocompatible copolymer PPy-PEDOT:PSS is a simple yet effective alternative for hydrogel coating and presents great potential as an interface for nervous and other electrically excitable tissues.
开发能够支持功能性细胞附着和组织生长的支架在基础细胞研究、组织工程和再生医学方法中至关重要。尽管聚乙二醇(PEG)及其衍生物在水凝胶和支架制造方面具有吸引力,但由于其生物惰性,它们通常需要进行生物活性修饰。在这项工作中,仿生合成的掺杂聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)的导电聚吡咯 - 聚(3,4 - 乙撑二氧噻吩)共聚物(PPy - PEDOT:PSS)被用作聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)水凝胶的生物相容性涂层,以支持神经元和肌肉细胞的附着、活性和分化。通过拉曼光谱和动态光散射对合成的共聚物进行了表征。使用恒电流充放电(GCD)和伏安法研究了其电化学性质。通过拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜对PPy - PEDOT:PSS涂层水凝胶进行了表征,并使用具有耗散监测功能的石英晶体微天平评估了蛋白质吸附。通过细胞骨架染色和形态学参数定量评估了ND7/23神经元杂交细胞系和C2C12成肌细胞的附着和分化。使用流式细胞术通过活/死染色评估细胞活力。通过Fluo - 4的动态荧光变化检测到的钙离子内流研究了皮层神经活动。PPy - PEDOT:PSS涂层支持细胞附着和分化,并且对细胞无毒。原代神经元附着并对电刺激保持反应性。总之,生物相容性共聚物PPy - PEDOT:PSS是水凝胶涂层的一种简单而有效的替代物,作为神经和其他电可兴奋组织的界面具有巨大潜力。
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