Wang Yuzhuo, Li Changhui, Huang Jiaxiang, Zeng Qingkun, Li Ling, Yang Pan, Wang Pengjie, Chu Min, Luo Jie, Ren Fazheng, Zhang Hao
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China.
Foods. 2025 Jan 13;14(2):232. doi: 10.3390/foods14020232.
Colostrum, abundant in immunoglobulins and growth factors, plays a vital role in supporting immunity. Both yak and buffalo milk are characterized by their high protein and fat content. However, the metabolomic profiles of yak colostrum (YC), buffalo colostrum (BC), and bovine colostrum (CC) remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study is to identify unique metabolites that may impact the nutritional value of colostrum.
This study employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for untargeted metabolomics analysis of YC, BC, and CC.
The analysis revealed 97, 70, and 75 differentially expressed metabolites in the YC-CC, BC-CC, and YC-BC comparisons, respectively. In comparison to CC, both YC and BC shared common features, including reduced choline levels and elevated O-acetylcarnitine. Moreover, metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid, DL-glycerol-1-phosphate, thiamine, L-carnitine, methyl β-D-galactoside, and uridine diphosphate (UDP) were identified as potential biomarkers for YC, while 21-deoxycortisol, D-synephrine, uridine, mannitol-1-phosphate, nonadecanoic acid, and perillic acid were specific to BC.
YC has greater advantages in energy supply, antioxidant activity, immune regulation, and cell homeostasis, and BC holds unique significance in physical development and energy balance regulation. These findings provide valuable insights, enabling the selection of unique bioactive metabolites to develop targeted functional foods from colostrum, catering to diverse nutritional needs.
初乳富含免疫球蛋白和生长因子，在支持免疫力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。牦牛乳和水牛乳都以其高蛋白和高脂肪含量为特征。然而，牦牛初乳（YC）、水牛初乳（BC）和牛初乳（CC）的代谢组学特征在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究的目的是确定可能影响初乳营养价值的独特代谢物。
本研究采用超高效液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离串联质谱法（UHPLC - ESI - MS/MS）对YC、BC和CC进行非靶向代谢组学分析。
分析显示，在YC与CC、BC与CC、YC与BC的比较中，分别有97、70和75种差异表达的代谢物。与CC相比，YC和BC都有共同特征，包括胆碱水平降低和O - 乙酰肉碱升高。此外，2 - 羟基 - 6 - 十五烷基苯甲酸、DL - 甘油 - 1 - 磷酸、硫胺素、L - 肉碱、甲基β - D - 半乳糖苷和尿苷二磷酸（UDP）等代谢物被确定为YC的潜在生物标志物，而21 - 脱氧皮质醇、D - 辛弗林、尿苷、甘露醇 - 1 - 磷酸、十九烷酸和紫苏酸是BC特有的。
YC在能量供应、抗氧化活性、免疫调节和细胞内环境稳定方面具有更大优势，而BC在身体发育和能量平衡调节方面具有独特意义。这些发现提供了有价值的见解，有助于选择独特的生物活性代谢物，从初乳中开发出有针对性的功能性食品，以满足不同的营养需求。
