Zeitoun Rawan, Najjar Fadia, Wehbi Batoul, Khalil Alia, Fayyad-Kazan Mohammad, Dagher-Hamalian Carole, Faour Wissam H, El-Makhour Yolla
Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
Laboratoire d'Innovation Therapeutique, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2019;20(1):84-96. doi: 10.2174/1389201020666190206201241.
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees and known to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities.
This study is aimed at evaluating the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of the Crude Ethanolic Extract (CE) of Lebanese propolis and its Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF).
Chemical content of propolis was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS/MS. COX-2 and iNOS protein expression, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) release in LPS-activated RAW monocytes were achieved respectively by western blot and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Measurement of paw thickness in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and pathologic assessment of inflammation in paw sections were used to judge the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis.
Pathology analysis revealed in the treated group significant reduction of immune cell infiltration and edema. Both extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-treated RAW cells characterized by the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS protein expression, as well as PGE2 and NO release. Chemical analysis of the crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction identified 28 different compounds of which two phenolic acids and nine other flavonoids were also quantified. Ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chrysin, galangin, quercetin, and pinocembrin were among the most representative compounds.
Lebanese propolis is rich in a various amount of flavonoids which showed promising antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, chemical analysis showed unique chemical compositions with the potential of identifying ingredients with interesting anti-inflammatory activities.
蜂胶是蜜蜂产生的一种树脂状物质，已知具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗增殖和抗炎活性。
本研究旨在评估黎巴嫩蜂胶粗乙醇提取物（CE）及其乙酸乙酯馏分（EAF）的体内和体外抗炎潜力。
采用高效液相色谱和液相色谱-质谱联用/质谱对蜂胶的化学成分进行表征。通过蛋白质印迹法和分光光度法分别检测脂多糖激活的RAW单核细胞中COX-2和iNOS蛋白表达、一氧化氮（NO）和前列腺素（PGE2）释放。通过DPPH自由基清除试验评估抗氧化活性。通过测量角叉菜胶诱导的小鼠爪肿胀厚度和爪切片的炎症病理评估来判断蜂胶的抗炎特性。
病理分析显示，治疗组免疫细胞浸润和水肿明显减轻。提取物和乙酸乙酯馏分在脂多糖处理的RAW细胞中均显示出显著的抗炎和抗氧化作用，表现为COX-2和iNOS蛋白表达以及PGE2和NO释放受到抑制。对粗提取物及其乙酸乙酯馏分的化学分析鉴定出28种不同化合物，其中还对两种酚酸和其他九种黄酮类化合物进行了定量。阿魏酸、咖啡酸、白杨素、高良姜素、槲皮素和松属素是最具代表性的化合物。
黎巴嫩蜂胶富含多种黄酮类化合物，具有良好的抗炎和抗氧化特性。此外，化学分析显示其独特的化学成分，有可能鉴定出具有有趣抗炎活性的成分。
