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用于高性能双离子电容器的NH调制阴极界面空间电荷再分布

NH-Modulated Cathodic Interfacial Spatial Charge Redistribution for High-Performance Dual-Ion Capacitors.

作者信息

Chen Yumin, Song Ziyang, Lv Yaokang, Gan Lihua, Liu Mingxian

机构信息

Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.

College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

Nanomicro Lett. 2025 Jan 27;17(1):117. doi: 10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0.

Abstract

Compared with Zn, the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors, small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors, yet has not been unraveled. Here we propose an NH-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn/NH co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors. Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CFSO)-NHCFSO electrolyte, high-reactive Zn and small-hydrate-sized NH(HO) induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration, thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20% capacity enhancement. Furthermore, cathodic interfacial adsorbed hydrated NH ions afford high-kinetics and ultrastable C‧‧‧H (NH) charge storage process due to a much lower desolvation energy barrier compared with heavy and rigid Zn(HO) (5.81 vs. 14.90 eV). Consequently, physical uptake and multielectron redox of Zn/NH in carbon cathode enable the zinc capacitor to deliver high capacity (240 mAh g at 0.5 A g), large-current tolerance (130 mAh g at 50 A g) and ultralong lifespan (400,000 cycles). This study gives new insights into the design of cathode-electrolyte interfaces toward advanced zinc-based energy storage.

摘要

与锌混合电容器中目前主要报道的电荷载流子锌相比,水合尺寸小且重量轻的铵离子有望成为介导阴极界面电化学行为的更佳选择,但尚未得到揭示。在此,我们提出一种铵离子调制的阳离子溶剂化策略,以优化阴极空间电荷分布,并实现锌/铵离子的动态共存储,从而提升锌混合电容器性能。由于混合Zn(CFSO) - NHCFSO电解质中的分级阳离子溶剂化结构,高活性的锌和小水合尺寸的铵离子(HO)会引发阴极界面亥姆霍兹平面重构,从而有效提高空间电荷密度,使容量提高20%。此外,与重且刚性的锌水合离子(5.81对14.90 eV)相比,阴极界面吸附的水合铵离子具有更低的去溶剂化能垒,从而提供高动力学和超稳定的C‧‧‧H(NH)电荷存储过程。因此,碳阴极中锌/铵离子的物理吸附和多电子氧化还原使锌电容器能够实现高容量(0.5 A g下为240 mAh g)、大电流耐受性(50 A g下为130 mAh g)和超长寿命(400,000次循环)。这项研究为面向先进锌基储能的阴极 - 电解质界面设计提供了新的见解。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/783c/11772636/5f0f45bea075/40820_2025_1660_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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