Rytter Héloïse, Naimi Sabrine, Wu Gary, Lewis Jim, Duquesnoy Maeva, Vigué Lucile, Tenaillon Olivier, Belda Eugeni, Vazquez-Gomez Marta, Touly Nina, Arnone Djésia, Hao Fuhua, Ley Ruth E, Clément Karine, Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent, Patterson Andrew D, Gewirtz Andrew T, Chassaing Benoit
Microbiome-Host Interactions, INSERM U1306, CNRS UMR6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Gut. 2025 Apr 7;74(5):761-774. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333925.
Non-absorbed dietary emulsifiers, including carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), directly disturb intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting chronic intestinal inflammation in mice. A randomised controlled-feeding study (Functional Research on Emulsifiers in Humans, FRESH) found that CMC also detrimentally impacts intestinal microbiota in some, but not all, healthy individuals.
This study aimed to establish an approach for predicting an individual's sensitivity to dietary emulsifiers via their baseline microbiota.
We evaluated the ability of an microbiota model (MiniBioReactor Arrray, MBRA) to reproduce and predict an individual donor's sensitivity to emulsifiers. Metagenomes were analysed to identify signatures of emulsifier sensitivity.
Exposure of human microbiotas, maintained in the MBRA, to CMC recapitulated the differential CMC sensitivity previously observed in FRESH subjects. Furthermore, select FRESH control subjects (ie, not fed CMC) had microbiotas that were highly perturbed by CMC exposure in the MBRA model. CMC-induced microbiota perturbability was associated with a baseline metagenomic signature, suggesting the possibility of using one's metagenome to predict sensitivity to dietary emulsifiers. Transplant of human microbiotas that the MBRA model deemed CMC-sensitive, but not those deemed insensitive, into IL-10 germfree mice resulted in overt colitis following CMC feeding.
These results suggest that an individual's sensitivity to emulsifier is a consequence of, and can thus be predicted by, examining their baseline microbiota, paving the way to microbiota-based personalised nutrition.
包括羧甲基纤维素（CMC）在内的未被吸收的膳食乳化剂会直接干扰肠道微生物群，从而促进小鼠的慢性肠道炎症。一项随机对照喂养研究（人类乳化剂功能研究，FRESH）发现，CMC对一些（但不是所有）健康个体的肠道微生物群也有不利影响。
本研究旨在建立一种通过个体的基线微生物群预测其对膳食乳化剂敏感性的方法。
我们评估了一种微生物群模型（微型生物反应器阵列，MBRA）重现和预测个体供体对乳化剂敏感性的能力。对宏基因组进行分析以确定乳化剂敏感性的特征。
在MBRA中维持的人类微生物群暴露于CMC后，重现了先前在FRESH受试者中观察到的对CMC的不同敏感性。此外，在MBRA模型中，选择的FRESH对照受试者（即未喂食CMC）的微生物群受到CMC暴露的高度干扰。CMC诱导的微生物群可扰动性与基线宏基因组特征相关，这表明有可能利用个体的宏基因组来预测对膳食乳化剂的敏感性。将MBRA模型认为对CMC敏感而非不敏感的人类微生物群移植到白细胞介素-10基因敲除小鼠中，在喂食CMC后会导致明显的结肠炎。
这些结果表明，个体对乳化剂的敏感性是检查其基线微生物群的结果，因此可以通过检查基线微生物群来预测，这为基于微生物群的个性化营养铺平了道路。
