Bruze M, Fregert S, Zimerson E
Contact Dermatitis. 1985 Feb;12(2):81-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01058.x.
Adverse reactions to phenol-formaldehyde resins include depigmentation, irritant dermatitis, chemical burns and allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis from phenol-formaldehyde resin has mainly been ascribed to resins based on paratertiary-butyl phenol and formaldehyde, and such a resin is included in the ICDRG standard patch test series. When 1220 patients were patch tested with this resin as well as with 2 other phenol-formaldehyde resins, based on phenol and formaldehyde, 26 patients were positive to at least 1 resin. The figures for positive reactions to paratertiary-butyl phenol-formaldehyde resin and the 2 other resins were 0.8%, 1.0% and 3.0% (440 tested subjects), respectively. Therefore, a battery of phenol-formaldehyde resins should be used for screening purposes, since patch testing with the paratertiary-butyl phenol-formaldehyde resin is not sufficient to identify patients with contact allergy to phenol-formaldehyde resins. Several of the 26 patients were patch tested with the basic substances phenol, formaldehyde and paratertiary-butyl phenol, but only 1 positive reaction to formaldehyde was noted. The sensitizing capacity of 2-methylol phenol, 4-methylol phenol and 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, all 3 compounds being possible ingredients of resins based on phenol and formaldehyde, was demonstrated; 5 of 14 resin positive patients reacted to at least 1 of these methylol phenols.
酚醛树脂的不良反应包括色素沉着减退、刺激性皮炎、化学灼伤和过敏性接触性皮炎。酚醛树脂引起的过敏性接触性皮炎主要归因于对叔丁基苯酚和甲醛基树脂，且这种树脂包含在国际接触性皮炎研究组（ICDRG）标准斑贴试验系列中。当1220名患者用这种树脂以及另外两种基于苯酚和甲醛的酚醛树脂进行斑贴试验时，有26名患者对至少一种树脂呈阳性反应。对叔丁基苯酚 - 甲醛树脂和另外两种树脂的阳性反应率分别为0.8%、1.0%和3.0%（共440名受试对象）。因此，应使用一组酚醛树脂进行筛查，因为用对叔丁基苯酚 - 甲醛树脂进行斑贴试验不足以识别对酚醛树脂有接触性过敏的患者。对这26名患者中的几名用基础物质苯酚、甲醛和对叔丁基苯酚进行了斑贴试验，但仅观察到1例对甲醛呈阳性反应。已证实2 - 羟甲基苯酚、4 - 羟甲基苯酚和2,4,6 - 三羟甲基苯酚（这3种化合物均可能是基于苯酚和甲醛的树脂成分）具有致敏能力；14名树脂阳性患者中有5名对至少一种这些羟甲基苯酚呈阳性反应。
