Lorzadeh Elnaz, Weston-Green Katrina, Roodenrys Steven, do Rosario Vinicius, Kent Katherine, Charlton Karen
School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong NSW, Wollongong, 2522, Australia.
Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2025 Jan 29;14(1):23. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00595-z.
Clinical trials suggest that dietary anthocyanins may enhance cognitive function. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the effect of anthocyanin on cognition and mood in adults.
Using a random-effects model, Hedge's g scores were calculated to estimate the effect size. Across 30 randomized controlled trials, fourteen (n = 733 participants) met the criteria for meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines (Registration number: CRD42021279470). Qualitative synthesis showed improvements in multiple domains after anthocyanin intake: short-term memory, verbal learning and working memory, executive function, visual-spatial function, psychomotor skills, attention and semantic memory. Four of 15 studies reported significant mood improvements, including anti-fatigue and reduced anxiety and depression scores. However, there were no significant effects for working memory (Hedges's g = -0.183, 95% CI = -0.407 to 0.041, P = 0.110), verbal learning (Hedges's g = 0.054, 95% CI = -0.215 to 0.324, P = 0.69), immediate memory (Hedges's g = 0.196, 95% CI = -0.242 to 0.633, P = 0.38) and delayed memory (Hedges's g = -0.188, 95% CI = -0.629 to -0.252, P = 0.402) according to the meta-analysis. This review suggests potential benefits of anthocyanin intake on cognition and mood. However, in meta-analysis of 14 eligible studies, effects on working, immediate, delayed memory and verbal learning were not significant, likely due to study heterogeneity. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed.
临床试验表明，膳食花色苷可能增强认知功能。本系统文献综述和荟萃分析旨在确定花色苷对成年人认知和情绪的影响。
采用随机效应模型计算赫奇斯g分数以估计效应大小。在30项随机对照试验中，有14项（n = 733名参与者）符合PRISMA指南下的荟萃分析标准（注册号：CRD42021279470）。定性综合分析显示，摄入花色苷后多个领域有改善：短期记忆、言语学习和工作记忆、执行功能、视觉空间功能、心理运动技能、注意力和语义记忆。15项研究中有4项报告情绪有显著改善，包括抗疲劳以及焦虑和抑郁评分降低。然而，根据荟萃分析，工作记忆（赫奇斯g = -0.183，95%置信区间 = -0.407至0.041，P = 0.110）、言语学习（赫奇斯g = 0.054，95%置信区间 = -0.215至0.324，P = 0.69）、即时记忆（赫奇斯g = 0.196，95%置信区间 = -0.242至0.633，P = 0.38）和延迟记忆（赫奇斯g = -0.188，95%置信区间 = -0.629至 -0.252，P = 0.402）均无显著影响。本综述表明摄入花色苷对认知和情绪有潜在益处。然而，在对14项符合条件的研究进行荟萃分析时，对工作记忆、即时记忆、延迟记忆和言语学习的影响并不显著，可能是由于研究的异质性。文中讨论了对未来研究设计的建议。
