Magliah Rami F, Ashkar Huda H, Alharthy Fayez S
Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU.
Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2025 Jan 1;17(1):e76720. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76720. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Introduction Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder marked by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), contributing to a heightened thrombotic risk and complications in pregnancy. This study explores the clinical and immunologic features of APS among patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, aiming to fill gaps in local APS data and enhance disease profiling. Methods A cross-sectional chart review was conducted for APS patients at KAMC from January 2008 to April 2023. Patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) APS criteria were included. Clinical manifestations, pregnancy-related complications, and immunologic profiles were documented, and gender differences were statistically analyzed. Results Eighty-eight patients were included, with a female predominance (76.1%). Deep vein thrombosis (35.2%) and recurrent miscarriages (33.0%) were the leading clinical manifestations in males and females, respectively. Stroke and pulmonary embolism were also prevalent, reported in 23.9% each. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies were the most common immunologic marker (56.8%), with a significant gender-based difference favoring males (76.2% vs. 50.7%). Notably, the prevalence of multiple aPL positivity was 31.8%, which was higher among males (42.9%) than females (28.4%), without statistical significance. Conclusion This study contributes essential epidemiological data on APS in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing gender differences and clinical heterogeneity. The findings align with other local studies, indicating younger age of onset in the Saudi population and unique gender-specific differences. High-risk APS patients, particularly males, show a higher risk of thrombosis, warranting personalized preventive strategies. These results underscore the need for tailored APS management, supporting future research to optimize APS care in this region.
引言 抗磷脂综合征（APS）是一种全身性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是存在抗磷脂抗体（aPL），会增加血栓形成风险和妊娠并发症。本研究探讨了沙特阿拉伯吉达阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城（KAMC）患者中APS的临床和免疫学特征，旨在填补当地APS数据的空白并完善疾病概况。方法 对2008年1月至2023年4月在KAMC的APS患者进行横断面图表回顾。纳入符合美国风湿病学会（ACR）和欧洲风湿病联盟（EULAR）APS标准的患者。记录临床表现、妊娠相关并发症和免疫学特征，并对性别差异进行统计分析。结果 纳入88例患者，女性占主导（76.1%）。深静脉血栓形成（35.2%）和反复流产（33.0%）分别是男性和女性的主要临床表现。中风和肺栓塞也很常见，各占23.9%。抗心磷脂抗体是最常见的免疫学标志物（56.8%），存在显著的性别差异，男性更常见（76.2%对50.7%）。值得注意的是，多种aPL阳性的患病率为31.8%，男性（42.9%）高于女性（28.4%），但无统计学意义。结论 本研究提供了沙特阿拉伯APS的重要流行病学数据，强调了性别差异和临床异质性。研究结果与其他当地研究一致，表明沙特人群发病年龄较轻且存在独特的性别差异。高危APS患者，尤其是男性，血栓形成风险更高，需要个性化的预防策略。这些结果强调了APS个性化管理的必要性，为该地区优化APS护理的未来研究提供了支持。
