Hanslian Etienne, Schiele Julia Katharina, Jeitler Michael, Michalsen Andreas, Wischnewsky Manfred, Storz Maximilian Andreas, Brinkhaus Benno, Ortiz Miriam, Sigl Mike R, Hoffmann Rasmus, Lehmann Judith, Koppold Daniela A, Keßler Christian S
Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jan 3;11:1480980. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1480980. eCollection 2024.
Nutrition plays a crucial role in current German public health strategies. While sociodemographic differences in nutrition have been extensively studied, recent data specific to Germany remains limited.
An online-representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 among German-speaking adults aged 18-75 using a Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) format. The survey addressed personal eating habits, the importance of nutrition, motivations behind food choices, and openness to dietary changes. Data analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistics, incorporating CHAID decision tree analysis and nonparametric methods for inductive statistical evaluation.
Among the 4,065 participants, 62.3% regarded healthy nutrition as important, with women, individuals with higher education, and those aged under 26 or over 70 demonstrating greater emphasis on nutrition. CHAID analysis identified education as the most significant predictor of attitudes toward healthy nutrition, followed by sex and income. Participants with a positive attitude toward healthy nutrition reported higher HRQoL scores (EQ-Index = 0.862) compared to neutral or negative attitudes (EQ-Index = 0.835)0.10.5% of participants reported not to eat meat, 28.6% were self-reported flexitarians and 54.1% of participants considered themselves omnivorous. Gender-specific dietary preferences were observed, with plant-based diets being much more popular among females. Participants identified taste preference as the primary factor influencing food choices (77.2%) when asked about the main reasons for their eating habits. Approximately 18% of participants predominantly or exclusively bought organic foods. Interestingly, one third of participants indicated a willingness to adopt a more plant-based diet if recommended by physicians or scientists.
This online representative survey revealed significant associations between nutrition and sociodemographic aspects. Understanding this complex interplay might be useful for public health nutrition strategies that promote healthier national eating patterns.
营养在当前德国公共卫生战略中起着至关重要的作用。虽然营养方面的社会人口差异已得到广泛研究，但德国的最新具体数据仍然有限。
2022年，采用计算机辅助网络访谈（CAWI）形式，对18至75岁的德语成年人群体进行了一项具有在线代表性的横断面调查。该调查涉及个人饮食习惯、营养的重要性、食物选择背后的动机以及对饮食变化的接受程度。数据分析包括描述性统计和推断性统计，采用CHAID决策树分析和非参数方法进行归纳统计评估。
在4065名参与者中，62.3%的人认为健康营养很重要，女性、受过高等教育的人以及26岁以下或70岁以上的人对营养更为重视。CHAID分析确定教育是对健康营养态度的最重要预测因素，其次是性别和收入。与持中立或消极态度的参与者（EQ指数=0.835）相比，对健康营养持积极态度的参与者报告的健康相关生活质量得分更高（EQ指数=0.862）。10.5%的参与者表示不吃肉，28.6%的参与者自称是弹性素食者，54.1%的参与者认为自己是杂食者。观察到了特定性别的饮食偏好，植物性饮食在女性中更为流行。当被问及饮食习惯的主要原因时，参与者将口味偏好确定为影响食物选择的主要因素（77.2%）约18%的参与者主要或只购买有机食品。有趣的是，三分之一的参与者表示，如果医生或科学家推荐，他们愿意采用更多以植物为基础的饮食。
这项在线代表性调查揭示了营养与社会人口因素之间的显著关联。了解这种复杂的相互作用可能有助于制定促进更健康的国民饮食模式的公共卫生营养战略。
