Singh Kiran, Yadav Shweta
Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 3;15(1):4043. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87355-3.
Zinc deficiency precipitates considerable health problems in developing countries, affecting development, growth, and immunological function. The main issue is that zinc exhibits limited bioavailability in diets, sometimes compounded by the high concentration of phytate molecules in staple foods, which impedes zinc absorption. Nanoparticles offer a promising approach to improve zinc bioavailability and address deficiency through the application of advanced agricultural techniques. The study introduces a novel method for synthesizing Zinc oxide (ZnO) biometallic nanoparticles by employing aqueous extracts of Salvia hispanica L. (Chia seed) as a reducing and capping agent in an environmentally sustainable way. Their active phytoconstituents acted as a stabilising agent and facilitated the conversion of ionic zinc (Zn) into elemental zinc. The study synthesized the diverse forms of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NP-α, NP-β, NP-γ, NP-δ, NP-ε, and NP-η) utilising various molar concentrations (0.5mM, 1.0mM, 3.0mM, 5.0mM, 7.0mM, and 9.0mM) of a precursor solution, zinc nitrate [(ZnNO)]. The synthesized NPs were evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, SAED, and HR-TEM methods to determine their characteristics. The standard particle size varies from 40 to 80 nm, exhibiting a consistent hexagonal morphology and a polydispersed characteristic with minimal size fluctuation. The molarity substantially influenced the shape of NPs, particularly concerning their size and surface area. An in vitro evaluation was performed to investigate the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the possible degradation of the hazardous dye Congo red. The particles exhibited antibacterial efficacy at a concentration of 40 ppm ZnO, antidiabetic qualities at 10 µl/ml ZnONPs, antioxidant activity at concentrations ranging from 100 to 900 µl/ml showing 89.47 ± 0.022 µg AAE/mg, maximum activity with total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and dye degradation potential at a concentration of 50 mg ZnONPs, revealed 50.78% CR degradation after 90 min of irradiation. Additionally, it had significant inhibitory effects on the enzymes α-amylase (72.93%) and α-glucosidase (60.48%) by ZnONP-η. The efficacy of dye degradation with synthesized nanoparticles seems to enhance with increased particle sizes and reduced specific surface areas. The antioxidant, antidiabetic, and catalytic capabilities improved with an increase in particle size. Nevertheless, it was found that an increase in particle size corresponded with a substantial reduction in antibacterial activity. The study presents an efficient approach for the eco-friendly synthesis of ZnONPs, highlighting their significant potential for many biological applications.
锌缺乏在发展中国家引发了相当多的健康问题，影响发育、生长和免疫功能。主要问题在于锌在饮食中的生物利用率有限，主食中植酸分子的高浓度有时会加剧这一情况，从而阻碍锌的吸收。纳米颗粒为通过应用先进农业技术提高锌的生物利用率和解决锌缺乏问题提供了一种有前景的方法。该研究引入了一种新颖的方法，以环境可持续的方式利用西班牙鼠尾草（奇亚籽）的水提取物作为还原剂和封端剂来合成氧化锌（ZnO）生物金属纳米颗粒。其活性植物成分充当稳定剂，促进离子锌（Zn）转化为元素锌。该研究利用前驱体溶液硝酸锌[(ZnNO)]的各种摩尔浓度（0.5mM、1.0mM、3.0mM、5.0mM、7.0mM和9.0mM）合成了多种形式的氧化锌纳米颗粒（NP-α、NP-β、NP-γ、NP-δ、NP-ε和NP-η）。使用紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射和高分辨透射电子显微镜方法对合成的纳米颗粒进行评估，以确定其特性。标准粒径在40至80纳米之间变化，呈现出一致的六边形形态和多分散特性，粒径波动最小。摩尔浓度对纳米颗粒的形状有很大影响，特别是在其尺寸和表面积方面。进行了一项体外评估，以研究对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性以及对有害染料刚果红的可能降解情况。这些颗粒在氧化锌浓度为40 ppm时表现出抗菌功效，在10微升/毫升的氧化锌纳米颗粒时具有抗糖尿病特性，在浓度范围为100至900微升/毫升时具有抗氧化活性，显示出89.47±0.022微克抗坏血酸当量/毫克，具有总抗氧化能力（TAC）的最大活性，在氧化锌纳米颗粒浓度为50毫克时具有染料降解潜力，在照射90分钟后显示出50.78%的刚果红降解率。此外，氧化锌纳米颗粒η对α-淀粉酶（72.93%）和α-葡萄糖苷酶（60.48%）具有显著抑制作用。合成纳米颗粒对染料的降解效果似乎随着粒径的增加和比表面积的减小而增强。抗氧化、抗糖尿病和催化能力随着粒径的增加而提高。然而，发现粒径增加与抗菌活性的大幅降低相对应。该研究提出了一种高效的氧化锌纳米颗粒生态友好合成方法，突出了其在许多生物应用中的巨大潜力。
