Sharma Dinesh Kumar
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
Med Oncol. 2025 Feb 10;42(3):72. doi: 10.1007/s12032-025-02609-4.
Nanotechnology is a significant factor that has assisted researchers in overcoming medications' permeability and retention effects. This article discusses how different nanoparticles, such as metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are transforming cancer treatments and diagnosis. While CNTs provide photothermal qualities that enable synergistic effects when paired with chemotherapy, EVs provide biocompatibility and immune evasion, enabling effective drug transport. Because of their special optical and magnetic characteristics, metallic nanoparticles are essential for imaging and targeted medication administration. When compared to traditional treatments, these nanoparticles improve bioavailability, decrease systemic toxicity, and increase therapeutic efficacy. Despite increased investigations, the number of licensed nano-drugs has remained relatively high. More investigation is required into targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers to minimize the shielding impact of the protein corona, increase permeability and retention effects, and reduce toxicity to improve clinical translation. This study focuses on novel approaches and state-of-the-art cancer therapies using nanoparticles that target different cancer cells. It also emphasized the advantages of nanoparticle-based cancer therapies over conventional ones, their difficulties, and future promises.
纳米技术是帮助研究人员克服药物渗透和滞留效应的一个重要因素。本文讨论了不同的纳米颗粒，如金属纳米颗粒、碳纳米管（CNTs）和细胞外囊泡（EVs），如何正在改变癌症治疗和诊断。虽然碳纳米管具有光热特性，与化疗联合使用时可产生协同效应，但细胞外囊泡具有生物相容性和免疫逃避性，能够实现有效的药物运输。由于其特殊的光学和磁性特性，金属纳米颗粒对于成像和靶向给药至关重要。与传统治疗方法相比，这些纳米颗粒提高了生物利用度，降低了全身毒性，并提高了治疗效果。尽管研究不断增加，但获批的纳米药物数量仍然相对较少。需要对使用纳米载体的靶向药物递送进行更多研究，以尽量减少蛋白质冠层的屏蔽影响，增强渗透和滞留效应，并降低毒性，从而改善临床转化。本研究重点关注使用靶向不同癌细胞的纳米颗粒的新型方法和最先进的癌症治疗方法。它还强调了基于纳米颗粒的癌症治疗方法相对于传统方法的优势、面临的困难以及未来的前景。
