Hira P R, Husein S F
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1979;23(4):436-44.
The risk of acquiring a transfusion-induced infection in Zambia was studied for the first time. Blood slide examination of donors, despite the insensitivity of the method, established malaria as the most serious hazard. The species involved was Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of cerebral malaria, and which could be rapidly fatal in a non-immune host visiting an endemic area. Microfilariae of Dipetalonema perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti were also found in donor populations. While no disease may be induced, allergic reactions due to the breakdown products of dead microfilariae may manifest themselves. Several cases of transfusion-induced malaria, a case of relapsing fever and a case of rhodesian trypanosomiasis are reported. Toxoplasmosis and kalatazar, which may also be transfusion-induced, are both known to occur in the country but no cases were observed. It is emphasized that prophylactic measures should be mandatory in areas where no regular, screened, donor panel is available. The awareness and ackowledgement of the risk of transfusion-induced infections may be the best safeguard against the serious consequences in developing countries.
赞比亚首次对输血导致感染的风险展开研究。尽管供血者血液涂片检查方法不够灵敏，但还是确定疟疾是最严重的危害。涉及的疟原虫种类是恶性疟原虫，它是导致脑型疟疾的病原体，对于前往疟疾流行地区的非免疫宿主来说可能会迅速致命。在供血人群中还发现了常现双瓣线虫和班氏吴策线虫的微丝蚴。虽然可能不会引发疾病，但死微丝蚴分解产物引起的过敏反应可能会显现出来。报告了几例输血导致的疟疾、一例回归热和一例罗德西亚锥虫病。弓形虫病和黑热病也可能由输血引起，该国已知有这两种疾病发生，但未观察到病例。强调在没有常规筛选供血者库的地区，预防措施应成为强制性要求。认识并承认输血导致感染的风险可能是防范发展中国家严重后果的最佳保障。
