Videla Ronnie, Aros May Britt, Parada Francisco, Kausel Leonie, Sandoval-Obando Eduardo, Jorquera Daniela, Ibacache David, Maluenda Sebastián, Rodríguez-Herrero Pablo, Cerpa Carola, González María Jesús, Chávez Marcelo, Ramírez Paola
Escuela de Educación Diferencial, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena, Chile.
Innova STEAM Lab, La Serena, Chile.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2025 Feb 3;18:1493863. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1493863. eCollection 2024.
The concept of neurodiversity has gained strength in the last years to highlight the value of individual differences based on relevant variations in brain functioning. Inclusive education has embraced neurodiversity to promote a culture centered on valuing diversity, in response to clinical models based on deficits or disorders. This theoretical-critical article argues for the need to complement the current foundations of neurodiversity with post-cognitivist perspectives that reaffirm the brain-body-environment continuum, in order to enrich inclusive educational practices for autistic individuals. We begin by reviewing and discussing the concept of neurodiversity and neurocentric arguments in light of post-cognitivism. We then explore the potential of the 3E Cognition approach (embodied, enacted, and environmentally scaffolded) for addressing autism, aiming to provide a holistic understanding that contributes to the practical application of cognitive neuroscience findings in inclusive education. Finally, we present some guidelines and practical cases for creating inclusive educational environments based on digital technologies that enhance agency and sensory multimodality for autistic students.
神经多样性的概念在过去几年中得到了强化,以突出基于大脑功能相关差异的个体差异的价值。为回应基于缺陷或障碍的临床模型,全纳教育接纳了神经多样性,以促进一种以重视多样性为核心的文化。这篇理论批判性文章主张,有必要用后认知主义观点来补充神经多样性的当前基础,后认知主义观点重申了脑-身-环境的连续性,以便丰富针对自闭症个体的全纳教育实践。我们首先根据后认知主义来回顾和讨论神经多样性的概念以及以神经为中心的观点。然后,我们探讨3E认知方法(具身、践行和环境支撑)在解决自闭症问题方面的潜力,旨在提供一种整体理解,有助于将认知神经科学研究结果实际应用于全纳教育。最后,我们提出一些指导方针和实际案例,说明如何基于数字技术创建全纳教育环境,这些技术可增强自闭症学生的能动性和感官多模态体验。