Medrano Hiddecel, Hill Sarah, Boulianne Martine, Cereno Teresa, Deckert Anne E, Charlebois Audrey, Gow Sheryl P, McDonald Kathryn, Reid-Smith Richard J, Agunos Agnes
Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
PHAC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 25;20(2):e0319086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319086. eCollection 2025.
The Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) monitors Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter and their resistance to antimicrobials in broiler chickens at the farm and slaughter plant levels. In response to many years of CIPARS' observations and farmers' data, the Chicken Farmers of Canada implemented a strategy to reduce antimicrobial use in 2014. As resistance genes can be transmitted vertically from parents to their offspring, a study was conducted in broiler breeder flocks to assess the frequency of target bacteria, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to obtain a comprehensive picture of AMR in poultry production. Spent breeder flocks slaughtered between 2018 and 2021 were sampled and data from broiler flocks at the farm and slaughter plants were assessed. Salmonella was most frequently detected in farm broiler chickens (46%), while Campylobacter was most frequently detected in broiler breeders (73%). In Campylobacter, high levels (20-24%) of ciprofloxacin resistance were found across the three production stages, and was highest in farm broiler chickens (24%). In E. coli, an indicator organism, low-level ceftriaxone resistance and occasional isolates that were non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin were noted. Using the indicator, fully susceptible E. coli, broiler breeders had the highest frequency (54%) compared to farm (36%) and slaughtered (35%) broiler chickens. In Salmonella broiler breeders had the highest resistance to most antimicrobials tested.Fully susceptible Salmonella was lowest in broiler breeders (16%) compared to farm (42%) and slaughtered (42%) broiler chickens. Salmonella serovars differed between the production stages, but S. Kentucky was the most predominant. Resistance to critically important antimicrobials in human medicine and regional variations in resistance profiles were observed. This study suggests that broiler breeders carry foodborne bacteria resistant to antimicrobials used in human medicine, demonstrating their role in the maintenance of AMR in poultry and the need to adopt a harmonized sector-wide AMU strategy.
加拿大抗菌药物耐药性综合监测项目（CIPARS）在农场和屠宰场层面监测肉鸡中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌及其对抗菌药物的耐药性。针对CIPARS多年来的观察结果和养殖户的数据，加拿大养鸡户于2014年实施了一项减少抗菌药物使用的策略。由于耐药基因可从亲代垂直传递给后代，因此对肉种鸡群进行了一项研究，以评估目标细菌的频率、它们的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），并全面了解家禽生产中的AMR情况。对2018年至2021年间屠宰的淘汰种鸡群进行了采样，并评估了农场和屠宰场肉鸡群的数据。沙门氏菌在农场肉鸡中检出频率最高（46%），而弯曲杆菌在肉种鸡中检出频率最高（73%）。在弯曲杆菌中，三个生产阶段的环丙沙星耐药水平都很高（20 - 24%），在农场肉鸡中最高（24%）。在作为指示生物的大肠杆菌中，发现了低水平的头孢曲松耐药性以及偶尔出现的对环丙沙星不敏感的分离株。以完全敏感的大肠杆菌作为指示，肉种鸡的频率最高（54%），相比之下农场肉鸡为36%，屠宰肉鸡为35%。在沙门氏菌中，肉种鸡对大多数测试抗菌药物的耐药性最高。完全敏感的沙门氏菌在肉种鸡中最低（16%），相比之下农场肉鸡为42%，屠宰肉鸡为42%。不同生产阶段的沙门氏菌血清型有所不同，但肯塔基沙门氏菌最为常见。观察到对人类医学中至关重要的抗菌药物的耐药性以及耐药谱的区域差异。这项研究表明，肉种鸡携带对人类医学中使用的抗菌药物耐药的食源细菌，证明了它们在维持家禽AMR方面的作用以及采取全行业统一的抗菌药物使用策略的必要性。
