Nazari Alireza, Jamali Zahra, Soltani Narjes, Khalili Parvin, Esmaeili-Nadimi Ali, Kahnoji Mahmood, Abbasifard Mitra, Vazirinejad Reza, Ayoobi Fatemeh
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Moradi Educational and Treatment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
BMC Nephrol. 2025 Feb 25;26(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04018-1.
Since the prevalence of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increasing globally and also in Iran, it is vital to assess the associations between both disorders. The current study aimed to investigate the association between kidney stones and the risk of CVD.
This study was cross-sectional in design, which used the data of the Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS), a population-based Prospective epidemiological research study in Iran (PERSIAN) that recruited 10,000 participants of both genders aged 35-70 years from four urban and suburban areas of Rafsanjan. Demographic factors, medical history, personal habits, biochemical parameters including Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatine (Cr), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine specific gravity (USG), and lipids of the participants were collected according to standard protocols.
The results showed that the risk of CVD was higher in men (51.02%) than in women (48.98%). Also, the results showed the highest risk of CVD development for age ≥ 56 years old. The results were presented in about 31% of patients with kidney stones, 19.5% of patients with abnormal urine tests, 9.84% with Proteinuria, more than 33% with abnormal USG, and more than 94% of patients with abnormal GFR had CVD. The odds of CVD were increased in patients with kidney stones (22%), female (25%), and age ≥ 56 years old (24%).
There was a high prevalence of kidney stones and CVD risk factors, such as gender, age, and kidney stones that increased the risk of cardiovascular disease.
由于肾结石和心血管疾病（CVD）在全球以及伊朗的患病率均呈上升趋势，因此评估这两种疾病之间的关联至关重要。本研究旨在调查肾结石与心血管疾病风险之间的关联。
本研究采用横断面设计，使用了拉夫桑詹队列研究（RCS）的数据，这是一项在伊朗开展的基于人群的前瞻性流行病学研究（PERSIAN），从拉夫桑詹的四个城市和郊区招募了10000名年龄在35 - 70岁之间的男女参与者。根据标准方案收集了参与者的人口统计学因素、病史、个人习惯、生化参数，包括空腹血糖（FBS）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）、肌酐（Cr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿比重（USG）以及血脂。
结果显示，男性患心血管疾病的风险（51.02%）高于女性（48.98%）。此外，结果表明年龄≥56岁的人群患心血管疾病的风险最高。结果显示，约31%的肾结石患者、19.5%的尿检异常患者、9.84%的蛋白尿患者、超过33%的尿比重异常患者以及超过94%的肾小球滤过率异常患者患有心血管疾病。肾结石患者（22%）、女性（25%）以及年龄≥56岁的患者（24%）患心血管疾病的几率增加。
肾结石和心血管疾病风险因素，如性别、年龄以及肾结石的患病率较高，这些因素会增加心血管疾病的风险。
