Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
BMC Urol. 2022 Dec 19;22(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12894-022-01161-x.
Kidney stone is the major cause of morbidity, and its prevalence is increasing in the world. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of kidney stone in the adult population of southern Iran based on the data of the Kharameh Cohort Study.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,663 individuals aged 40-70 years old, using the baseline data of Kharamah cohort study, which started in 2014. Among all participants, 2251 individuals had a history of kidney stone. The participants' demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, and the history of underlying diseases were investigated. The crude and Age Standardized Prevalence Rate of kidney stones was calculated. Also, logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of kidney stone. To check the goodness of fit index of the model, we used the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. All analyses were performed in STATA software.
The prevalence of kidney stone was estimated 21.11%. Also, the Age Standardized Prevalence Rate in men and women was calculated 24.3% and 18.7%, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 52.15 years. Higher prevalence of kidney stone was seen in women aged 40-50 years (40.47%, p = 0.0001) and moderate level of social economic status (31.47%, p = 0.03), men with overweight (44.69%, p < 0.0001) and those in a very high level of social economic status (35.75%, p = 0.001). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the chance of having kidney stone was 1.17 times higher in diabetic individuals, 1.43 times higher in hypertensive individuals, 2.21 times higher in individuals with fatty liver, and 1.35 times higher in individuals with overweight. The level of socio economic status, male sex, and age were the other factors related to kidney stone.
In this study, underlying diseases such as fatty liver, diabetes, and hypertension as well as age, male sex, overweight, and high social economic status were identified as important risk factors for kidney stone. Therefore, identifying individuals at risk of kidney stone and providing the necessary training can greatly help to reduce this disease. However, health policymakers should prepare preventive strategies to reduce the occurrence of kidney stone.
肾结石是发病率的主要原因，其患病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势。本研究旨在根据 Kharameh 队列研究的数据，评估伊朗南部成年人中肾结石的患病率和危险因素。
本横断面研究对 2014 年开始的 Kharamah 队列研究中年龄在 40-70 岁的 10663 人进行了研究。在所有参与者中，有 2251 人有肾结石病史。调查了参与者的人口统计学特征、行为习惯和潜在疾病史。计算了肾结石的粗患病率和年龄标准化患病率。还使用逻辑回归来确定肾结石的预测因素。为了检查模型的拟合优度指数，我们使用了 Hosmer-Lemeshow 检验。所有分析均在 STATA 软件中进行。
肾结石的患病率估计为 21.11%。此外，男性和女性的年龄标准化患病率分别为 24.3%和 18.7%。参与者的平均年龄为 52.15 岁。在 40-50 岁的女性中，肾结石的患病率更高（40.47%，p=0.0001），社会经济地位处于中等水平（31.47%，p=0.03），超重的男性（44.69%，p<0.0001）和社会经济地位非常高的男性（35.75%，p=0.001）。多因素逻辑回归的结果表明，糖尿病患者发生肾结石的几率是 1.17 倍，高血压患者是 1.43 倍，脂肪肝患者是 2.21 倍，超重患者是 1.35 倍。社会经济地位、性别和年龄是与肾结石相关的其他因素。
在这项研究中，脂肪肝、糖尿病和高血压等潜在疾病以及年龄、男性、超重和高社会经济地位被确定为肾结石的重要危险因素。因此，识别肾结石高危人群并提供必要的培训可以大大有助于降低这种疾病的发生。然而，卫生政策制定者应制定预防策略，以减少肾结石的发生。
