Bartels Susan A, Vahedi Luissa, Friesen Sofia, Noriega Monica, Rodriquez Belen, Marisol Garcia Maria, Deutscher Julianna M, Luna-Siachoque M Sofia, Johnson Sydney, Mcconnell Maegan, Stoner Bradley P, Purkey Eva
Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
BMJ Public Health. 2023 Oct 18;1(1):e000027. doi: 10.1136/bmjph-2023-000027. eCollection 2023 Nov.
Over the past decade, geopolitical turmoil in Venezuela has resulted in the displacement of 7.1 million people, resulting in a migration and refugee crisis.
This current cross-sectional, mixed-method research, which is focused on women and girls, examines differences in Venezuelan refugee/migrant demographics, migration characteristics, experiences and perceptions across nine locations in Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.
A total of 9116 Venezuelan refugees/migrants shared 9339 migration experiences. Respondents in Brazil had been displaced for less time, reported more extreme poverty, perceived that they had received more support from the host community, and had more positive migration experiences. In contrast, respondents in Peru had been displaced for longer, were more likely to share experiences of insecurity/violence, perceived that they had not received adequate support and were more likely to report that the migration experience was negative. Respondents in Ecuador tended to provide more moderate responses somewhere between those from Brazil and Peru with one exception being around the impact of COVID-19, which they perceived more negatively.
It is critical to recognise that Venezuelan refugee/migrant populations are not homogenous and that their experiences, needs and priorities vary by location of settlement and migration route. From these findings, we recommend more open regularisation policies for Venezuelan nationals in Ecuador and Peru in addition to improved socioeconomic integration in accordance with the Quito Process. Sharing of successful models from other contexts may prove helpful.
在过去十年中，委内瑞拉的地缘政治动荡导致710万人流离失所，引发了移民和难民危机。
这项当前的横断面混合方法研究聚焦于妇女和女童，考察了厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和巴西九个地点的委内瑞拉难民/移民在人口统计学、移民特征、经历和认知方面的差异。
共有9116名委内瑞拉难民/移民分享了9339次移民经历。巴西的受访者流离失所的时间较短，报告的极端贫困人口更多，认为他们从东道社区获得了更多支持，并且有更积极的移民经历。相比之下，秘鲁的受访者流离失所的时间更长，更有可能分享不安全/暴力经历，认为他们没有得到足够的支持，并且更有可能报告移民经历是负面的。厄瓜多尔的受访者倾向于给出介于巴西和秘鲁受访者之间的较为温和的回答，但在新冠疫情的影响方面是个例外，他们对此的看法更为负面。
必须认识到委内瑞拉难民/移民群体并非同质，他们的经历、需求和优先事项因定居地点和移民路线而异。基于这些发现，我们建议除了根据基多进程改善社会经济融合之外，还应为厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的委内瑞拉国民制定更开放的正规化政策。分享其他背景下的成功模式可能会有所帮助。
