Tan Yong Wah, Bok Chwee Fern, Lim Brenda Jun Fang, Kong Li Ying, Goo Kian Sim, Ishida Yoshiki, Liu Jiquan, Chua Chun Song, Chu Justin Jang Hann
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Singapore Innovation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Feb 19;16:1535404. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535404. eCollection 2025.
Disinfection is one of the most important methods by which transmission of infectious diseases can be blocked, and efficacies differ depending on how they are used and the target organism. Small non-enveloped viruses are considerably less sensitive to disinfectants than enveloped viruses and vegetative bacteria or fungi and generally require strong protein-disrupting chemicals for effective inactivation, limiting their application in personal care products due to associated side effects. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a common anionic surfactant and relatively safe ingredient used in many personal care and hygiene products possessing protein-denaturing properties and has been reported to have antimicrobial efficacy against enveloped viruses and bacteria. With the aim of identifying milder disinfectants with broad-spectrum activity, including efficacy against non-enveloped viruses that are more difficult to inactivate, this study focused on evaluating the combinatorial efficacy of sodium dodecyl sulfate with organic acid (i.e., citric acid) and amino acid (i.e., glutamic acid) on feline calicivirus. Using an quantitative suspension test and electron microscopy, we have demonstrated the virucidal efficacy of SDS combinations with citric or glutamic acids on FCV. In addition, the spectrum of virucidal efficacy may potentially be extended to some human enteroviruses, and further research into their variable sensitivity to virus inactivation would be useful in developing these combinations into consumer products that target non-enveloped viruses.
消毒是阻断传染病传播的最重要方法之一，其效果因使用方式和目标微生物而异。小型无包膜病毒对消毒剂的敏感性远低于包膜病毒、营养型细菌或真菌，通常需要强效的蛋白质破坏化学物质才能有效灭活，由于存在相关副作用，限制了它们在个人护理产品中的应用。十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）是一种常见的阴离子表面活性剂，是许多具有蛋白质变性特性的个人护理和卫生产品中使用的相对安全的成分，据报道对包膜病毒和细菌具有抗菌功效。为了确定具有广谱活性的更温和消毒剂，包括对更难灭活的无包膜病毒的功效，本研究重点评估了十二烷基硫酸钠与有机酸（即柠檬酸）和氨基酸（即谷氨酸）对猫杯状病毒的联合功效。通过定量悬液试验和电子显微镜，我们证明了SDS与柠檬酸或谷氨酸的组合对FCV的杀病毒效果。此外，杀病毒功效谱可能会扩展到一些人类肠道病毒，进一步研究它们对病毒灭活的不同敏感性将有助于将这些组合开发成针对无包膜病毒的消费品。
