Hong Jang-Kwan, Lee Kwang-Nyeong, You Su-Hwa, Kim Su-Mi, Tark Dongseob, Lee Hyang-Sim, Ko Young-Joon, Seo Min-Goo, Park Jong-Hyeon, Kim Byounghan
Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Nov;81(21):7610-4. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01673-15. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
Three out of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) since 2010 in the Republic of Korea have occurred in the winter. At the freezing temperatures, it was impossible to spray disinfectant on the surfaces of vehicles, roads, and farm premises because the disinfectant would be frozen shortly after discharge and the surfaces of the roads or machines would become slippery in cold weather. In this study, we added chemical deicers (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ethyl alcohol, and commercial windshield washer fluid) to keep disinfectants (0.2% citric acid and 4% sodium carbonate) from freezing, and we tested their virucidal efficacies under simulated cold temperatures in a tube. The 0.2% citric acid could reduce the virus titer 4 logs at -20°C with all the deicers. On the other hand, 4% sodium carbonate showed little virucidal activity at -20°C within 30 min, although it resisted being frozen with the function of the deicers. In conclusion, for the winter season, we may recommend the use of citric acid (>0.2%) diluted in 30% ethyl alcohol or 25% sodium chloride solvent, depending on its purpose.
自2010年以来，韩国发生的五起口蹄疫疫情中有三起发生在冬季。在低温环境下，无法在车辆、道路和农场建筑物表面喷洒消毒剂，因为消毒剂喷出后很快就会结冰，而且在寒冷天气下道路或机器表面会变得很滑。在本研究中，我们添加了化学除冰剂（乙二醇、丙二醇、氯化钠、氯化钙、乙醇和商用挡风玻璃清洗液）以防止消毒剂（0.2%的柠檬酸和4%的碳酸钠）结冰，并在模拟低温条件下于试管中测试了它们的杀病毒效果。在所有除冰剂的作用下，0.2%的柠檬酸在-20°C时可使病毒滴度降低4个对数级。另一方面，4%的碳酸钠在-20°C下30分钟内几乎没有杀病毒活性，尽管在除冰剂的作用下它不会结冰。总之，在冬季，根据使用目的，我们可能推荐使用稀释在30%乙醇或25%氯化钠溶剂中的柠檬酸（>0.2%）。
